shyltria's diary

Indonesian Government Asks for Virus Not to be Abused by WHO

2008-03-04T23:33:00.001+07:00

The Indonesian government has received a guarantee that the 15 bird flu virus (H5N1) samples that have been sent to the World Health Organization (WHO) were only to be examined for risk assessment, as to whether the virus is resistant to oseltamivir or not.

“Before the virus was sent, we already had the risk assessment guarantee letter,” said Siti Fadilah Supari, Health Minister, at her residence, Jalan Denpasar, Kuningan, Jakarta, two days ago (1/3).

According to Minister Siti, the bird flu virus samples were sent along with the material transfer agreement (MTA) that the government proposed be signed by the WHO.

If the WHO is willing to sign it, then the government will send more virus samples.

“Otherwise, the government will struggle again,” said Minister Siti.
According to her, the dispatch was a test as to whether the WHO will approve the MTA or not.

In December 2006, the government stopped sending bird flu virus samples.

This policy was taken to prevent multinational companies from using Indonesian virus samples to develop vaccines with a high sales price.

Minister Siti said that with the MTA, the bird flu virus sample dispatch mechanism is more transparent and fair in terms of responsibility towards the virus sending country.

The government's desire to change the mechanism, according to her, is not only useful for bird flu cases but also other diseases.

Under the old mechanism, virus samples were prone to be misused and
could therefore spread again in Indonesia and cause a new cases.

This is because the bird flu virus spread in Indonesia is inappropriate with epidemiology.

“This needs a great deal of attention,” said Minister Siti.

With the new mechanism, she said, the government has tried to overcome the large number of bird flu case in Indonesia.

“With transparency, what ever the virus is used for can be known,” said Minister Siti.

C.A. Nidom, Head of the Avian Influenza Tropical Disease Center Laboratory at Airlangga University, supported the government's measure to start sending bird flu virus samples.

According to him, the government needs to prioritize the bird flu handling in the country instead of fighting for the right in the MTA process at the WHO.

“What we're facing are human lives and the world's community,” said Nidom when contacted yesterday (2/3).

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source :
Margahayu Land
http://margahayuland.blogspot.com/2008/03/indonesian-government-asks-for-virus.html

Abu Dujana Admits Keeping Weapons

2008-03-04T23:32:00.001+07:00

Abu Dujana, the defendant in the alleged terrorism case, admitted keeping weapons and explosives. According to him, the weapons were the remains of the conflict in Ambon, Maluku. “There was an M-16 and a few broken pistols,” said Abu Dujana, answering Wahjono, the chairman of the panel of judges at the South Jakarta District Court, yesterday (3/3).

Despite admitting possessing weapons, none were bought by him. The agenda of the trial yesterday was hearing defendant Abu Dujana's statement.

Abu Dujana was charged by terrorism as possessing, keeping and distributing firearms and explosives. Abu, arrested on June 9, 2007 in Banyumas, Central Java, was charged with Article 9 of the Anti-terrorism Decree. In addition, he was charged with Article 17 of the Anti-terrorism Decree regarding his involvement in terrorism cooperation.

At the trial Abu Dujana a.k.a. Ainul Bahri, denied some of the investigation results in the deposition. According to Abu, his health at that time very much affected his statement he gave to the investigators. A gunshot wound in his left thigh, he said, made him so that he could not concentrate. “The wound on my leg made me tired, dizzy and nauseous,” he said.

Abu also recounted having participated in war training between 1999-2000 in the Philippines, then in Afganistan in 1989. He also acknowledged being acquainted with Noor Din M. Top, the most wanted terrorist fugitive. However, he said, how he knew Noor Din was not like what is written in the deposition, as if they were solidly cooperating in a terror

After hearing the defendant's statement, the trial was resumed by the agenda by reading the charge. The panel of judges' chairman, Wahjono, asked the prosecutor to prepare the charge against Abu Dujana in the trial in the next two weeks.

After the trial, the public prosecutor Narendra Jatna, said Abu Dujana's explanation in the trial this time was his right as a defendant. According to Narendra, the defendant also has the right of objection. However, Narendra believed Abu Dujana only denied certain matters that did not influence his charge of terrorism . “For instance, admitting to keeping firearms and explosives and meeting Noor Din M. Top,” said Narendra.

Asludin Hatjani, a member of Abu Dujana's legal team, did not comment much. She said she would just wait for the charge announcement.

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source :
Margahayu Land
http://margahayuland.blogspot.com/2008/03/abu-dujana-admits-keeping-weapons.html

Government Reduces Palm Oil Bio-fuel

2007-07-25T12:59:00.000+07:00

The government will reduce the development of bio-fuel from palm oil. The reduction was due to the crude palm oil (CPO) price hike. “We will try that bio-fuel development is not only focused on palm oil,” said Energy and Mineral Resources Minister, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, yesterday (23/7).

The reduction of using palm oil for bio-fuel, he said, will not influence bio-fuel development. His reason was fuel development does not only depend on palm oil. Bio-fuel development can also use other kinds of plants.

According to him, bio-fuel development from palm oil will be transferred from subsidized fuel oil (“premium” and automotive diesel fuel) to non-subsidized fuel (“pertamax” and “pertamax plus”). The transfer was carried out due to the high cost the government bears.

Purnomo said mixing bio-fuel with non-subsidized fuel oil will be more efficient. “It will later be transferred to non-subsidized fuel oil,” he said yesterday.

So far bio-fuel content of the “premium” type and automotive diesel oil is only five percent. The cost for procuring bio-fuel is borne by PT Pertamina.

Head of the National Team for Bio-fuel Development, Alhilal Hamdi, said that the palm oil issue is not the main issue. According to Hamdi, the total amount of palm oil supply is five times higher than the need of palm oil for cooking oil.

Alhilal said that the domestic palm oil need is 3.6 million tons per year. In the meantime, CPO production in 2007 reached 17 million tons. Even Indonesia's CPO production capacity this year is higher compared to Malaysia. As much as 44 percent of the world's CPO production is derived from Indonesia.

Head of the Agency of Technology Assessment and Application (BPPT), Said D. Jennie, said he was studying other base commodities of bio-fuel from other plants.

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tempo

BI optimistic this year economic growth to exceed 6 percent

2007-07-10T17:22:00.000+07:00

Bank Indonesia (BI) Governor Burhanuddin Abdullah said Monday the central bank is optimistic the economy will grow by more than 6 percent this year due to a robust lending growth.

"Apart from that, with the state budget realization rate expected to improve in the thirdand fourth quarters, economic growth is likely to exceed the figure," Burhanuddin said following a meeting of the bank's board of governors on Monday.

The meeting agreed that the economy would perform better in the second semester, he said.

The economy in the two previous quarters was on the right track and it would continue to expand during the rest of the year, he said.

He believed full-year inflation rates would hit the central bank's inflation target of 6, plus orminus 1, percent for 2007 and of 5, plus or minus1, percent for 2008.

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jakarta post

Government to Review Cooperation with Microsoft

2007-06-28T08:44:00.000+07:00

The government will review the possibility of cooperating with PT Microsoft Indonesia in terms of software legalization process in all governmental institutions.

This is because Microsoft is currently marketing cheap software, priced at US$3 or around Rp27,000 each.

Cahyana Ahmadjayadi, Director General of Telematics Applications at the Information and Communication Department, said the review would not reduce the government's concern regarding open source software.

The reason for this, he said, was that the software procurement process will still be carried out transparently or in accordance with regulations, which includes through the tender mechanism.

Yet, the government must give equal treatment and opportunities to all software vendors.

Thus, the government cannot guarantee the software to be used will be open source-based.

This is because the government's task is to create conducive situation in competition.

“Let all players (software vendors) join in. The winner can be anybody. We're also waiting for the offer from Microsoft,” said Cahyana in Jakarta, yesterday (26/6).

When asked for confirmation about the plan, Tony Chen—Microsoft Indonesia's President Director—welcomed the government's response and will soon carry out a dialog.

“We've proposed a request to meet with the Information and Communication Minister. Now we're waiting for the answer,” said Tony.

However, Tony stressed the software will only supplied for the education sector and not for all of the government's computers.

Tony said he hoped that Microsoft was not obliged to go through the regulation of goods procurement by tender. According to Kemal Stamboel, Head of National Technology Council, the cooperation review is very likely bearing in mind that the memorandum of understanding (MoU) made earlier by the government and Microsoft Indonesia had not been dropped.

“Only the approach paradigm is different,” he said.
This means, software procurement in government's institutions used to be carried out centrally.

But now it is carried out by each institution and the procedures are made by the National Technology Council. The procedures are being completed and are estimated to be finished during the next three months at the very latest.

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tempo

New Indonesian writers receive international exposure

2007-06-24T12:04:00.000+07:00

Pam Allen

After three highly successful annual events, the Ubud Writers and Readers Festival has established its place on the international literary festival circuit. In 2006 novelist Anita Desai, ABC foreign correspondent Eric Campbell, cultural critic Ziauddin Sardar and historian William Dalrymple, mesmerised large audiences in the picturesque venue overlooking the Sungai Cerik valley.

But the festival also fosters Indonesian writers and provides them with a forum to present their work to a wider audience. Their involvement got off to a somewhat shaky start in 2004, when a relatively small contingent of Indonesian writers was marginalised both by the absence of interpreters and by being scheduled in small venues away from the main festival venue, as if they were part of a fringe festival. By 2006 professional interpreters and integration into the program proper meant that Indonesian voices were prominent, and they drew large and interested audiences, including many participants who were previously unfamiliar with Indonesian literature.

The opening event of the festival was a tribute to Pramoedya Ananta Toer, including an eloquent analysis by Goenawan Mohamad. There was also a moving account by Pramoedya’s publisher Joesoef Isak, whose decision to publish Pramoedya’s work landed him in prison under the New Order regime, and readings of Pramoedya’s works. A number of Indonesians commented on the irony that presenters such as myself had been able to engage more fully with Pramoedya’s work than they had, because of the ban on his work that is still officially in effect.

For many non-Indonesian festival participants, Putu Wijaya and Sapardi Djoko Damono were just names in a program, until they heard Putu Wijaya’s evocative keynote presentation on the meaning of the festival theme ‘Desa Kala Patra’ (place, time, identity), and Pak Sapardi’s reading of his work. But, importantly, the program also included young and emerging writers from Papua to Aceh.

Before reading his poems, JP (John) Waromi invoked the earth spirits from his Papuan homeland in a captivating chant that enthralled his audience. Waromi, who acknowledges the tension of a Papuan writing in Indonesian, has worked in Jakarta with Rendra’s theatre workshop and the culture discussion group Gorong-Gorong Budaya.

Poets Reza Indria, Zen Hae, Raudal Tanjung Benoa and Iswadi Pratama, writing from and/or about Aceh, Jakarta, West Sumatra and Lampung respectively, each wore fringed scarves in gentle mockery of the title of their panel — ‘Literature from the Fringes’. They not only brought Indonesian poetry to the attention of non-Indonesian speakers, but also proclaimed the irrelevance of the centre-margins (read Jakarta-regions) divide by, in Reza’s words, denying the very existence of a centre, rather acknowledging many centres. It was impossible for Reza and his fellow Acehnese, playwright Fozan Santa, to talk about their writing without reference to the troubles of Aceh, a theme picked up by Linda Christanty (head of the Pantau Foundation news agency in Banda Aceh).

A number of new and inspirational female Indonesian writers were also present. Laksmi Pamuntjak gave an extraordinary account of the influences of Homer’s Iliad and art on her writing, and launched her collection of short stories, written in English. Nineteen-year-old Vira Safitri told her audience that she had written her first novel in three days, with an initial print run of 9000 copies, a remarkably large print run in the current economic climate in Indonesia. Arguably, the Balinese playwrights Kadek Sonia Piscayanti and Maliana generated the most discussion. They have addressed the issues of sexual exploitation and empowerment of women in their plays. Moderator Wayan Juniartha (Jun) wondered repeatedly how women so young (and, yes, so beautiful) could have such insight. But I am willing to forgive Jun his lapses into such sexist language on account of his charm and intelligence as a moderator and his role, as part of the festival organising committee, in bringing together such an outstanding group of Indonesian writers.

Pam Allen (Pam.Allen@utas.edu.au) is Head of the School of Asian Languages and Studies at the University of Tasmania.

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Inside Indonesia

Unauthorized Bank Accounts Reach Rp20 Trillion

2007-06-18T15:34:00.000+07:00

The Finance Department was finally able to announce the finding of unreported bank accounts of the Supreme Audit Agency's (BPK)or unclassified version in the 2006 Central Government's Financial Statement (LKPP). The number of the unclassifed accounts is 2,396 with Rp2.7 trillion value. The total of unauthorized accounts that have been found since 2004 is 5,591 and are worth Rp20 trillion.

According to the Director General of the Treasury of the Finance Department, Herry Purnomo, the department still needs to ask clarification from 35 ministries or state institutions where the accounts were found. “The team was only given six months to bring order to the unreported accounts,” said Herry at his office, Friday (15/6).

The accounts found in 2006 LKPP comprised demand deposit of 2,141 accounts in general banks that are worth Rp2.5 trillion in the form of time-deposits and 260 accounts worth Rp144,316,88 billion. “Those accounts will be classified as state revenues,” he said.

In addition to arranging the unreported accounts in 2006 LKPP, the team will also ask for clarification of the previous unauthorized accounts totaling 3,195 at 35 ministries or state institutions that are worth Rp17.6 trillion. “Whether there is duplication or they have their own divisions,” he said.

In order to arrange the accounts, Herry said the Finance Minister has issued two Finance Minister Regulations. First, No. 57/PMK.05/2007 dated June 13, 2007 on the Management of the Bank Accounts of the State Ministries/Institutions/Offices/Working Units. The second, No. 58/PMK.05/2007 dated June 13 on the Arrangements of Government Bank Accounts for State Ministries/Institutions. “And she issued a Finance Minister Instruction for the Finance Department to regulate the unreported accounts within three month time,” he said.

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source

DPR Asked to Evaluate Tangguh Gas Price

2007-06-15T12:32:00.000+07:00

The House of representatives (DPR) has been asked to form a special team to investigate the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sales contract from Tangguh gas field in Papua.

The price of Tangguh gas overseas is regarded as cheaper compared to that of domestic gas sales.

Effendi Situmorang, an oil industry observer, said that the team was aimed at researching and probing the contract and sales price of Tangguh gas.

The special team, he said, comprises DPR members, government officials and the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK).

“The purpose of forming the team is to take responsibility as regards whether the 20-year gas sales contract will result in benefit or loss for the state,” he told Tempo yesterday (13/6).

According to Effendi, the Tangguh gas sales price, US$3.5 per mmBtu on average, is the lowest price in the history of Indonesia's LNG sales.

“LNG price from Tangguh is lower than gas price in domestic market, which is above US$4 per mmBtu on average,” said the former Pertamina's Director of Production Sharing Management (now the Upstream Oil and Gas Executing Body or BPH Migas).

He explained that now the State Electricity Company's (PLN) power plants buy gas at prices above US$4 per mmBtu on average.

Moreover, Tangguh gas sales price can cause price discrimination in LNG from Arun gas field in Aceh and Badak gas field in East Kalimantan.

“Up to now Japan buys LNG from Indonesia at between US$7 and US$8 per mmBtu on average,” said Effendi.

Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Energy and Mineral Resources Minister, disagreed that Tangguh gas sales price was too cheap.

His reason was that the US$3.5 per mmBtu price is the export price (free on board).

“When the goods reach the destination, the price can reach US$7 to US$9,” he told Nieke Indrietta from Tempo.

Purnomo went on to say that around 50 percent of Tangguh's LNG for Sempra is also transferred to other contract to gain a better price.

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source

Humpuss To Issue US$400 Million In Bonds

2007-06-15T12:20:00.000+07:00

PT Humpuss Intermoda Transportasi Tbk. plans to issue bonds worth US$400 million to purchase five ships this year. Earlier, this company that runs a sea transportation business planned to obtain a banking loan to fund its expansion.

Agus Darjanto, President Director of Humpuss Intermoda, said that based on analysis the company has carried out, it had been decided not to obtain a banking loan.

“If we borrow from banks, there is little ‘room to move,’ despite us needing a large amount,” he said after holding a press conference following Annual and Extraordinary General Meetings of Shareholders in Jakarta yesterday (13/6).

Agus said the bonds that will be issued comprise of senior debt amounting to US$350 million with eight year period and junior debt of US$50 million with five year period.

The funds will be the sources of the company's expenditure up until to 2010.

He went on to say that after purchasing the new ships, the company plans to continue securing the company's assets in order to look for new loans.

The funds, said Agus, will be used for refinancing all the company's debts, including bond obligations.
Humpuss has allocated US$159.6 million (around Rp1.4 trillion) to purchase five new ships.

According to Agus, the five ships consist of Panamax ships and chemical tank ships.

As regards Panamax, those we are aiming at are that like the ships of Malaysia, Thailand, Japan and Korea,” he said.
In terms of chemical tank ships, the targets are 13,000 dead weight tons (DWT) ships.

The purpose is to meet the international market segment.

Earlier, Sapto Basuki, Humpuss Intermoda's Corporate Secretary, said that some of the funds for purchasing will be gained from the sales of two oil tank ships whose contract terms have ended and are worth US$36 million (Rp316 billion).

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source

European Commission and Japan Grant US$15 Million for Bird Flu

2007-06-13T18:56:00.001+07:00

The European Union and the Japanese government have given grants amounting to US$10 million and US$5 million respectively for handling the bird flu virus in Indonesia.

The grants were announced during a meeting between the Indonesian government and the donor countries at the “ HPAI in Indonesia: Latest Situation and Future Steps to Control H5N1 Virus” as the theme, at the Gran Melia Hotel, Jakarta, today (13/6).

“The spread of bird flu virus in Indonesia is sporadic and doesn't show any certain pattern. The war against this virus must be applied in all directions, especially as regards animals as the source of infection,” said Bayu Krisnamurthi, Head of the National Team for Bird Flu Handling and Readiness to Face Pandemic Influenza (Komnas FBPI).

It is planned that the grants will be used for supporting activities such as vaccine quality, socialization of fowl vaccination, vaccination officer training, access to vaccine storage and vaccine procurement.

The grants will be divided, for the Agriculture Department US$9.56 million and the remainder for the Komnas FBPI for many activities.

The time to use the grants is between July, 2007 and July, 2009.

Many activities to handle bird flu on animals have been prepared.

However, Musny Suatmojo, Director of Animal Health at the Agriculture Department, refused to give the details.

“Now it's being discussed in the meeting. Tomorrow there'll be certainties as regards the activity details,” he said.

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source

Newmont's Lawsuit Against New York Times Postponed

2007-06-13T18:55:00.001+07:00

The panel of judges at the Central Jakarta District Court postponed the civil claim of PT Newmont Minahasa Raya's President Director, Richard Bruce Ness, against The New York Times newspaper, yesterday (11/6).

The reason is, during the trial headed by judge Heru Pramono, only Newmont's legal adviser, Arief Surowidjojo, was present. As from The New York Times, the side was absent. “The trial is adjouned for a week,” said Heru, closing the trial.

In the lawsuit, Ness regarded The New York Times as having contained the article that defamed his reputation and assassinated his character. The articles were written by the reporter Jane Perlez and were published three times: September 9, 2004; September 24, 2004 and October 7, 2004.

Ness, in his lawsuit, says that the news of The New York Times and several other media of its subsidiaries such as the International Herald Tribune and The Boston Globe, has caused Newmont to suffer loss as what was printed was not true.

The New York Times along with reporter Jane Perlez, contained articles with such headings as, “Spurred by Illness, Indonesians Lash Out at U.S. Mining Giant” on September 9, 2004 and “Gold Mining Company to Pay Indonesia $30 million” on February 17, 2006.

Ness wanted the recovery of his reputation and apology to be published as a first-page story in the newspapers and all media subsidiaries of The New York Times and www.nytimes.com website. He also asked The New York Times to pay immaterial compensation amounting to US$63.930 million.

Richard Bruce Ness was acquitted by the Manado District Court on April 26, 2007. As PT Newmont's President Director, Ness was found not guilty in environmental pollution in the Buyat Bay area.
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source

Contested land claims

2007-06-08T12:31:00.004+07:00

Which Dongi people should be compensated for land?

Adam Tyson

Of all the diverse scenery on the winding road north from Makassar, South Sulawesi, most unusual of all is the view as you approach the small mining town of Soroako. The night sky is perpetually alight in a haze of red and orange, giving the impression of a blazing fire. The red haze is emitted by PT Inco, in its relentless endeavours to produce greater quantities of primary nickel.

PT Inco, a profitable multinational corporation, is firmly rooted, with approximately 118,387 hectares of land in the newly-formed district of East Luwu. The recent renewal of the company’s work contract has led to increasingly vocal criticism, specifically on environmental issues and indigenous rights.

Since 1998, activism has been increasing in the region, and previously marginalised actors are reasserting their claims for compensation. They are not alone in this struggle, as networks of NGOs are blossoming and district authorities are empowered to take a more active role in negotiations.

Open for business

PT Inco’s first work contract allowed mining to begin in Sulawesi in 1968, during highly controversial times. In the aftermath of the regional rebellion in Sulawesi led by Kahar Muzakkar in the 1950s, Soroako was largely deserted. Much of the indigenous population had fled to neighbouring provinces. Once stability was restored, the Suharto government seized the opportunity to sell off large tracts of vacant land as mining concessions to PT Inco. This was done before the original inhabitants could return and restore their normal way of life, thus avoiding the burden of negotiating with local communities and stakeholders. PT Inco’s first work contract allowed mining to begin in Sulawesi in 1968, during highly controversial times. In the aftermath of the regional rebellion in Sulawesi led by Kahar Muzakkar in the 1950s, Soroako was largely deserted. Much of the indigenous population had fled to neighbouring provinces. Once stability was restored, the Suharto government seized the opportunity to sell off large tracts of vacant land as mining concessions to PT Inco. This was done before the original inhabitants could return and restore their normal way of life, thus avoiding the burden of negotiating with local communities and stakeholders.

As recent events have illustrated, this was a strategic error. The policy of decentralisation implemented in Indonesia in 2001 has encouraged greater local autonomy, which in turn has made the local communities bolder. Following an initial round of negotiations in the 1970s, local people have again begun reclaiming land and are forming activist alliances. Two ‘indigenous’ local ethnic groups are currently engaged in negotiations for land compensation: the Soroako and the Karongsi’e Dongi. This suggests that the first round of negotiations in the 1970s wasn’t conducted properly, or that the next generation of claimants are becoming more politicised. The sale of the land to PT Inco and the failure to finalise compensation at the early stages of PT Inco’s operations in Soroako has created a legacy of unrest and dissent.

The turning point seems to have occurred in 2000 when NGOs and activists converged on Soroako, setting the stage for a new wave of public protest. During the next four years the land compensation movement was characterised by demonstrations and reprisals, producing limited results. However, this changed in 2004 with the appointment of some new representatives in PT Inco’s Department of External Relations, as well as with the election of a new mayor in East Luwu.

Members of the Soroako community are represented by an organisation called KWAS (Soroako Indigenous Union). KWAS consults with community members then submits proposals for development programs to PT Inco. As a result of these negotiations, the original citizens now receive full healthcare courtesy of PT Inco.

However, walking around Old Soroako, I did not get the impression that infrastructure is well-developed or that the community is by any means affluent. Common signs of hardship persist, and many people said they felt that they weren’t able to participate fully in the consultative process. But a large number said they would prefer this process to continue, rather than endure more direct confrontation and violence.However, walking around Old Soroako, I did not get the impression that infrastructure is well-developed or that the community is by any means affluent. Common signs of hardship persist, and many people said they felt that they weren’t able to participate fully in the consultative process. But a large number said they would prefer this process to continue, rather than endure more direct confrontation and violence.

Unresolved matters

Many members of the Karongsi’e Dongi community still feel aggrieved. They felt excluded from the original compensation package offered by PT Inco. As a result of the turbulence in the 1950s, Dongi families fled to various parts of Sulawesi, such as Palu and Poso in Central Sulawesi; Manado in North Sulawesi; and Lele and Bahudopi in Southeast Sulawesi. Not everyone could afford to return to Soroako immediately, so families returned gradually.

Families which did return quickly discovered that Soroako had changed. Former village land on the lakeside had been converted to housing units for expatriate workers and managers. Interior lands once used for housing and cultivation were now corporate property, and the Soroako Golf Course now stood on the site of ancestral lands.

After decades of frustration there seems to be a more conciliatory approach to the Dongi dilemma. PT Inco’s Department of External Relations is working directly with both the district government and the Team of Five community representatives appointed by the local government to represent the Dongi community. Weekly meetings are now held between the parties in an effort to resolve long-standing problems about land entitlement and compensation.

A formal offer has been issued by the district government, led by the mayor and supported by the relevant agencies. PT Inco has accepted district legislation (SK Bupati 166/2004), which stipulates that 57 Dongi family heads (mostly men representing a household) have been recognised as legitimate claimants and are thus eligible for compensation. A relocation settlement has been approved, and there is hope that the Dongi can build a new village. According to a map produced in 2005 by the District Agency of Mining, Energy and Environment in East Luwu, the site is located in a village called Ledu-Ledu in the sub-district of Wasuponda. The total size of this plot of land is approximately 6835 hectares.

Each family will be allotted a plot of land measuring 20 by 30 metres, where it can build its own house, and it will be issued ownership certificates. The plan also includes provision of all necessary facilities, including roads, water supply, electricity, a school, places of worship and a customary house (rumah adat). The surrounding lands are semi-cultivated, making food production possible. More importantly, the villagers already living in the area are not hostile to the idea of a new Dongi village. So what is preventing a resolution to this dilemma?

Internally, only three out of the original 57 family heads are still alive, and now it is the responsibility of the second generation of Dongi (at least 214 descendents) to sort out who will accept the offer. This has led to sibling rivalry and domestic disputes. There are complex political interventions going on within the small Dongi community. On the one hand, the ‘Dongi Diaspora’ has been mobilised and now wants to return to Soroako, either for reunification or to avoid losing out on the prospect of compensation from PT Inco. These new arrivals are complicating efforts to determine who should be negotiated with, and which of the claimants are legitimate.

There are also external players. Domestic NGOs determined to oppose PT Inco sporadically arrive and use the Dongi community as a platform for this opposition. They have introduced arguments about customary (adat) rights, and these now feature prominently in the current dilemma. This intervention may be motivated by good intentions, but it has certainly complicated the process of negotiation and caused some resentment.

One of the early external interventions by activists in 2000 involved securing various ‘point of leverage’ that could be used to bolster the bargaining position of the community. For example, an activist with networks in Jakarta led eight families to a contested site called Kuratelawa, located within the PT Inco concession zone. She encouraged them to build homes there because it was considered ancestral land.

According to customary (adat) law, ownership is determined by those who first cultivate land, after which ownership is inherited by the next generation. This link was severed because of the regional rebellion, a crisis forcing communities to relocate. Advocates of indigenous rights argue that this does not mean customary ownership was nullified, and thus they reject the validity of PT Inco’s concession rights because people were forced off the land. This is the reasoning behind the relocation of the eight families mentioned. However, the residents of Kuratelawa who I met did not want to discuss the political situation, preferring to defer to their representatives in the city.

Internally, the Dongi community is divided, which hinders their negotiations with PT Inco and tests the patience of the district government. One member of the Team of Five stated that 85 per cent of the Dongi community are prepared to accept the proposal for Dongi relocation. An official from the Office of the Mayor put the percentage at 90. Other activists completely reject these figures and are determined to continue to struggle for more concessions. For the sake of the ordinary Dongi citizens bearing the brunt of this protracted and politicised struggle, hopefully a positive and neutral mediator can assist in mediating between the conflicting parties. It is important that this conflict is resolved before the funds and political will are exhausted, and the relocation proposal is shelved.

Adam Tyson (ipi2at@yahoo.co.uk) is a PhD student in the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Leeds, UK.

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source

BI Rate Down by 25 Base Points

2007-06-08T12:31:00.003+07:00

At a meeting of the Bank Indonesia (BI) Governors Board on Thursday (7/6), it was decided to lower the BI rate once again, this time by 25 base points to 8.50 percent from the previous 8.75 percent.

Budi Mulya, BI's Director of Strategic Planning and Public Relations, said that the lowering of the BI rate was based on consideration of the prospects of this year's inflation target of six plus-minus one percent and next year's five plus-minus one percent.

“The decrease was also following our in depth study of the latest economic and financial developments,” he said in Jakarta.

He went on to say that in general, the economy will still continue with a more balanced pattern.

This is reflected in the economic growth target of 5.7 percent, higher than BI's initial projection.

In addition, the Rupiah exchange rate in May also strengthened from an average Rp9.093 against the US dollar in April to Rp8.838 against the US dollar in May, 2007.

“May's inflation was also still maintained.”

Core inflation was recorded at 5.62 percent year on year, the lowest rate in the last six years.

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source

Sarwono Awaits Constitutional Court's Decision

2007-06-08T12:31:00.001+07:00

Jakarta Gubernatorial candidate, Sarwono Kusumaatmadja, acknowledged he could not register as gubernatorial candidate because he was not supported by a political party.

“I can't register anymore,” said Sarwono after attending the material review trial of the Regional Governance Decree at the Constitutional Court, today (7/6).

Now he is waiting for the decision of the Constitutional Court which is still in the middle of its Regional Governance Decree judicial review.

“Because I chose the independent lane,” said Sarwono.

The former Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Minister acknowledged the experts' statement during the Regional Governance Decree judicial review that there should be an opportunity for independent candidates to become regional leaders.

“A non-party lane is in fact needed,” said Sarwono.
He then made an analogy of his candidacy as the Regional Representatives Assembly (DPD) member.

At that time Sarwono did not need to have support from any political party in order to become a DPD member.

“I was elected by the people without going through any political lane,” he said.

The Jakarta Governor Election entered the last day today for the registration of gubernatorial candidates and the deputies at the Regional Election Commission (KPUD) Jakarta.

However, so far there has not been any candidate pairing who have registered at the KPUD.

As already reported, the pair of Sarwono and Jeffry who was previously put forth by the National Mandate Party (PAN) and the National Awakening Party (PKB) have canceled their participation in the Jakarta Governor Election because they did not have 15 percent of the votes of the Provincial Legislative Council (DPRD).
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Former Rose Team Commander Wants Judicial Review of Human Rights Court Law

2007-06-07T16:12:00.002+07:00

Former “Rose Team” Commander, Major (retired) Bambang Kristiono, filed a proposal for s judicial review of the Human Rights Court Decree at the Constitutional Court, yesterday (5/6).

Bambang, via his attorney Mahendradatta, asked the Court to correct Article 43 Point 2 of the Decree No. 26/2006.

“Bambang is worried because the articles can lead him being scrutinized again by the ad hoc Human Rights Court,” said Mahendradatta at the Constitutional Court, yesterday.

Bambang is a former Army Infantry Major who was Battalion 42 Commander Group 4 of Special Force Command (Kopassus) and concurrently “Rose Team” commander.

“Rose Team”was the team involved in kidnapping and making activists disappear by force cases of in 1997-1998.

Bambang was sentenced to 20 months imprisonment by the Supreme Military Court in 2000 and was also dismissed from the Army because of the case.

Mahendratta said Article 43 Point 2 of the law states that the ad hoc Human Rights Court was formed based on the House of Representatives' (DPR) suggestion with the President's decision.

The article's explanation states that the ad hoc Human Rights Court was formed after the House deemed there had been a severe human rights violation during a certain event in a certain time and place prior to the Human Rights Decree being effective.

According to him Mahendratta in the activists kidnapping case, the Human Rights National Commission sent a letter to the House on December 27, 2006, and Bambang's name is in the letter.

The letter states that Bambang can be asked for statement as regards activists kidnapping cases.

“The nebis in idem principle may not be valid for our client,” said Mahendratta.

The trial began with preliminary questioning by the panel of judges led by judge H.A.S. Natabaya.

Constitutional judge Natabaya asked the applicant which constitutional right of him that was infringed due to the decree.

He asked the applicant to strengthen the legal standing of the judicial review.

“The constitutional loss suffered by the applicant is not clear,” he said.

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Tax Directorate General Oversees Indosat Tax Problem

2007-06-07T16:12:00.001+07:00

The Tax Directorate General has acknowledged that there has been a decrease in the tax deposits from PT Indosat Tbk.'s revenues during the last couple of years.

However, tax officials have not yet carried out an investigation as there are not any indications of tax manipulations by Indosat, in which Singapore Technologies (ST) Telemedia owns the majority shares.

“We've collected the dossiers but they are insufficient as there must be indications of (tax) manipulation,” said Darmin Nasution, Tax Director General, Jakarta yesterday (5/6).

Signals of the state's losses due to Indosat's tax income and dividend shortfalls amounting to around Rp323 billion were brought up by Dradjad H. Wibowo, a member of the House's Banking and Finance Commission.

According to him, the potential income tax losses are Rp196 billion, the potential loss of revenue from dividends Rp65 billion and the potential loss of income tax from dividends Rp62 billion.

The losses were due to Indosat's mismanagement in carrying out derivative transactions.

Darmin asked that Indosat's tax manipulation allegation not to be taken for granted as it must be proved first.

“It's really a loss or a manipulation. Those must be differed. If it's a loss, we (Tax Directorate Genera) can't do anything. But the Capital Market Supervisory Board (Bapepam) might,” he said.

Wong Heang Tuck, PT Indosat Tbk.'s Finance Director, stated he was ready to be checked by Bapepam regarding Indosat's loss and tax deposit potential loss due to derivative transactions.

However, he denied that the losses were because of mismanagement or foreign currency speculation activities.

“Moreover, derivative transactions are not against tax rules,” he said after the nnual General Shareholders' Meeting (AGM) in Jakarta yesterday.

According to him, Indosat's derivative transactions were included in the financial statement submitted to Bapepam and the United States Security and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Indosat will continue carrying out derivative transactions until the end of Indosat's Dollar bonds I and II issuing terms.

“Indosat has the obligation of hedging at least 50 percent of the total long-term debt obligation.”

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Government Prepares CPO Export Duty Increase

2007-06-06T16:11:00.001+07:00

The government will monitor the development of cooking oil price before increasing the export duty on crude palm oil (CPO) export duty.

CPO and cooking oil producers are regarded as not yet having been optimum in terms of market operations.

“If (the ideal cooking oil price) isn't reached, we'll certainly implement (the export duty increase0” said Boediono, Coordinating Minister for the Economy, in Jakarta yesterday (5/6).

Earlier, the government had threatened that it would the raise export duty, which has been 1.5 percent up until now.

This is stated in an agreement between the government and producers that if by June 1, 2007, cooking oil prices have not reached an ideal price of between Rp6,500 and Rp6,800 per kilogram.

However, the price stabilization program, which has been carried out since March, has not yet been successful in decreasing cooking oil prices.

Currently, cooking oil prices are still between Rp8,000 and Rp9,000 per kilogram.

The government planned to implement the domestic market obligation (DMO) policy if cooking oil prices remain high.

According to Boediono, CPO producers are not yet optimum in carrying out market operations (procuring the product in markets).

This is seen from the high CPO export volume, uncontrolled domestic supply and high cooking oil prices.
“Due to increasing CPO prices abroad, we want the players in the business to hold more effective market operations,” he said.

CPO producers circle stated they are ready to procure 150,000 tons for cooking oil price stabilization program this June.

“We're ready to procure 150,000 tons. All producers are committed that the price stabilization program in June will lower prices,” said Akmaludin Hasibuan, General Chairman of the Indonesian Palm Oil Businesspeople Association, when contacted in Jakarta yesterday.

Benny Wahyudi, Director General of Agriculture and Chemical at the Industry Department, said the government will increase export duty and implement DMO policy in July, after the price stabilization program evaluation in June.

Unsuccessful price stabilization program in May was because a lot of suppliers didn't fulfill the procurement commitment,” he said.

Out of the commitment to procure 97,000 tons of CPO, around 35,000 tons had not been realized.

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Foreign Languages on Radio to be Regulated

2007-06-06T16:10:00.000+07:00

The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) will regulate the use of foreign languages in radio programs.

This is because up to now no such regulation has yet been made.

Currently, the government only regulates the use of foreign languages on television.

M. Izzul Muslimin, a KPI member, said that there were possibilities that the use of foreign languages in radio programs will be the same as for television, that is 30 percent.

“However, perhaps there will be special criteria for radio stations that broadcast programs in foreign languages, for instance Indonesian radio programs specially broadcasted,” said Izzul yesterday (5/6).

It is expected that the regulation will be completed soon and that it does not deviate from the material in the Broadcasting Decree.

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Entrepreneurs Push for Fuel Oil Tax to be Abolished

2007-06-05T09:42:00.001+07:00

Industry players hope that the government is serious in responding the proposal to abolish the industry fuel oil value-added tax (VAT) of 10 percent per liter.

The proposal for the fuel oil tax abolition was in response to the possibility of fuel oil price hikes in line with the increase of the Mid Oil Platts Singapore (MOPS) rate.

“Fuel oil price hikes would clearly put pressure on the industry's position. Therefore, we need policy alternatives to help smoothen the industry's cash flow,” said Thomas Darmawan, Head of Food and Beverages Businesspeople Association Chairman, yesterday (3/6).
On June 1, 2007 Pertamina increased fuel prices.

Diesel is up five percent from the previous level of Rp5.522 per liter to Rp5.797 per liter.

Pertamina increased the price in accordance to the price standard in Singapore of between 2.9 and 12.0 percent compared to the previous period.

The abolition of industry fuel oil tax, said Thomas, would not lower the state's revenues.

The reason for this is that 10 percent VAT will be imposed on ready-goods products.

“With production being smoother, the amount of production goods and the government's VAT will also increase,” said Thomas.

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New Economic Policy Package Being Prepared

2007-06-05T09:41:00.001+07:00

The government will cut the time it takes to issue a business license to 30 days from the previous 197 days.

This decision is one of the policies included in a new economic package that will be launched in a few days’ time.

This package is a development of the economic package that was issued last year.

Boediono, Coordinating Minister for the Economy, explained there are four important points in the package.

These are: investment climate improvement, infrastructure development, financial sector repair and small- and medium-scale enterprise (SME) development.

“In terms of investment climate, there is a reduction in the time involved in processing business licenses,” said Boediono during the Investor Forum II in Jakarta yesterday (30/5).

The Gadjah Mada University (UGM) Economy Faculty Professor emphasized that this economic package was better compared to the previous one, especially in terms of regulations, license processing and taxes.

Financial and non-bank sectors, such as capital market and insurance, will also be improved.

Unlike the previous package, the new one will also discuss SMEs.

M. Ikhsan, a special member of staff of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy, said that previously SME development was discussed in separate package.

However, this time the government will discuss it in one package.

M. S. Hidayat, Head of the Indonesian Chamber of Trade and Industry (Kadin), said he hoped that the new economic package would be more concrete and could be realistically implemented.

“If the government has issued policies, it must be ready to realize them,” Hidayat when contacted by Tempo yesterday.

He also he hoped that the economic package was not like the previous one, which was only a concept.

On the occasion, Boediono also focused on the flow of funds in the capital market.

According to him, flow of funds in the capital market must not always be separated from the real sector.

He cited the State Debt Securities (SUN) and Bank Indonesia Certificate (SBI) trade transactions.

Funds withdrawn by the government from these bonds trades were used for infrastructure development.

Boediono also said there was no need to worry about the capital market's fund flow reversal trend.

The reason for this was because Indonesia's current economic system was already more prepared compared to the time of the economic crisis in 1997.

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Crude Palm Oil Policy to be Effective from June 1

2007-05-30T16:38:00.002+07:00

Crude palm oil (CPO) producers are to be obligated to set aside some of their products for domestic needs.

The domestic market obligation (DPO) policy will come into effect as from June 1, 2007.

“The DPO implementation is a mandate of the State Decree on Plantations,” said Anton Apriyantono, Agriculture Minister, after accepting bird flu vaccine aid from Chinese government at the Agriculture Department building, Jakarta, yesterday (29/5).

“(The implementation provision) is the Agriculture Minister Decision for a start,” he said

Anton explained that for the time being, the DMO policy was being implemented in order to fulfil domestic cooking oil needs because cooking oil is one of the nine staple household goods.

Therefore, CPO stocks are prioritized for domestic needs.

“It's unfortunate (for producers) if the price abroad is high, but we limit it here,” said Anton.

On the other side, in order to secure domestic stocks, the government cannot determine the price.

“We still leave the price to the market mechanism,” said Anton.

Regarding the CPO quota per producer, he went on to say it will be determined later with the Industry and Trade Departments.

“It can't be set by us alone,” said Anton

What is certain is the minimum limit being calculated based on the company's tax payment and amount shipped abroad.

Anton said that the DMO policy is effective even for companies associated with Malaysia.

Fahmi Idris, the Industry Minister, instead stated that the DMO policy for fulfilling domestic palm oil need will be effective by the end of the month.

He explained domestic CPO needs reach 4.5 million tons per year.

“So the obligation (DMO) amount is between 4.5 million to 5 million tons per year,” he said, on Monday (28/5) at the Vice President's office, Jakarta.

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Prosecutor Rejects Australian Expert Witness’ Statement

2007-05-30T16:38:00.001+07:00

The public prosecutor in the review trial of the illegal drugs case involving Australian citizens--Tan Duc Tan Nguyen, Si Yi Chen and Matthew James Norman—has rejected an expert witness from Australia.

According to prosecutor Olopan Nainggolan at the Denpasar District Court, yesterday (29/5), the statement of Professor James R.P. Ogloff from Monash University was considered not to be relevant with the trial materials.

In his statement, Oglof said that during the last 30 years the number of countries which still implement death penalty continues to decrease.

The prosecutor also objected to the statement because the permit from the Australian Justice Minister for Ogloff was only sent by e-mail the print-out of which was not submitted during the trial.

The convicts' lawyer, Erwin Siregar, stated he brought a copy of Australian Supreme Court's statement that explained about Ogloff's whereabouts.

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MoU Must be Reviewed, Indonesian Workers in Malaysia Suffering Losses

2007-05-29T10:10:00.002+07:00

A number of Indonesian migrant workers activists have asked the government to review the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Malaysia signed in Bali in 2006.

The agreement is regarded as being detrimental to Indonesian citizens working as migrant labors.

Miftah, Chairperson of the Indonesian Migrant Workers Association, said that under the MoU, employers were allowed to seize employees’ passports.

This was despite passports being individual identities which cannot be held by anybody except police and immigration officers.

“But the government easily gives permission that passport is submitted to employers or agents in Malaysia,” Miftah told Tempo yesterday (27/5).

The policy that allows employers to hold passports, said Miftah, actually triggered the large number of trafficking cases.

It is not surprising therefore that the rights of Indonesian workers in that country are often violated.

For example, torture, unpaid salary, prohibition to marry at work place and impediments to meet family members.

“All are human rights violations,” said Miftah.
Anis Hidayah, Executive Director of Migrant Care, questioned the deportation policy carried out by Malaysia.

According to Anis, a lot of Indonesian workers are to be deported due to the wrong recruitment system in Indonesia.

“Indonesia should have been able to struggle to remove the deportation option, and fight for legalization. The documents are legalized because the laborers there actually already have jobs.”

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Tangguh Field's Gas for America Can Be Transferred to Other Buyer

2007-05-29T10:10:00.001+07:00

The sales of some liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Tangguh gas field, Papua, to Sempra, United States, can be transferred to another buyer.

The transfer will be carried out if the LNG sales price is higher than that of Sempra’s.

Eddy Purwanto, Deputy of Marketing and Finance at the Upstream Oil and Natural Gas Business Executing Body, emphasized that the gas transfer from Sempra can be done to any other buyer.

“As long as the sales price is better than Sempra’s,” he told Tempo last weekend.

Based on information received by Tempo, gas sold to Sempra will be transferred to a buyer from Japan.
The reason is, Sempra's LNG facility was built quicker than first planned, in mid 2008.

Sempra signed Tangguh's 20 year gas purchase contract for a volume of 3.7 million tons at the price of US$5.94 per mmBtu.

Eddy went on to say, that the transfer of gas that was bought by Sempra to another buyer has compensations.

“Sempra will obtain certain compensations,” he said.

However, when asked whether the compensation was a penalty that the government must pay, Eddy did not give any answer.

Kurtubi, an oil and gas observer, said that the Tangguh gas sales price, which is under the average gas sales price from Badak refinery in East Kalimantan, will not result in any revenues for the state.

This is because, he said, with investment totaling US$6.5 million and the revenues totaling only US$8.5 billion for 25 years, all revenues are only sufficient to cover the investment costs.

“So what does the state obtain?” he said to Tempo.

Currently, the gas sales contract amounts to 2.6 million tons to Fujian, China for 25 years, with an average price of US$3.35 per mmBtu.

The contract with SK Power Korea amounts to 0.55 million tons for 20 years with US$3.5 per mmBtu sales price.

The contract with Posco Korea 0.55 million tons for 20 years with US$3.36 per mmBtu sales price and Sempra (West Coast, US) 3.7 million tons for 20 years with US$5.94 per mmBtu sales price.

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Supreme Court Annuls Mystic Programs Provision

2007-05-25T13:01:00.001+07:00

The Supreme Court has passed the judicial review proposed by the Association of Indonesian Private Television Stations (ATVSI) against the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission's (KPI) decision on the broadcasting performance guide and broadcasting program standard.

KPI must revoke the provisions, including mystic and pornographic television programs.

ATVSI Chairperson Karni Ilyas acknowledged having received the Supreme Court's decision recently.

“It was already sent to the Association's office this afternoon (yesterday). It was only the summary, the details will follow,” she said when contacted by Tempo yesterday (23/5).

In the decision, the Supreme Court gives three month time for KPI to revoke the letter no. 009/SK/KPI/8/2004.

If within three months the letter is not revoked, the provision will not have any legal force.

According to Karni, actually from the aspect of content, the association agrees with KPI provision.

“We agree that programs with mystic and porn nuance must in fact be limited,” he said.

According to him, the association's claim is more because KPI made the provision earlier than the government.

“In addition, KPI regulates the sanctions. Through the sanction is already regulated in the Broadcasting Decree,” he said.

In article 57 of the decision, for example, factual programs with occult, paranormal and black magic themes may only be broadcasted between 10pm and 3am.

The sanctions stated in article 77 are the forms of written notice, program temporary halt, duration
limitation, fines, freezing television program, turning down license extension up to television station's license revocation.

These sanctions are what the association considered as too heavy.

KPI acknowledged it will study the Supreme Court's decision.

According to KPI member, Don Bosco Selamun, the provision they made for all television stations including TVRI (state-owned television station), is normal.

“Because KPI is given the job in the Broadcasting Decree to protect the society from violence, pornography, sadism and mysticism,” he said.

According to Don Bosco, this KPI provision is different from ATVSI's code of ethics.

“ATVSI's code of ethics are valid for the internal, KPI's decision is general,” he said.
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World Health Assembly Grants Indonesia's Demand

2007-05-25T13:00:00.000+07:00

The World Health Assembly, during the 60th meeting in Geneva, Swiss, granted Indonesia's request for a more transparent mechanism as regards sending bird flu virus samples.

Because of this, developed countries will no longer be able to take advantage of poor countries attacked by bird flu.

“The resolution will bind all members of the World Health Organization (WHO),” wrote I Nyoman Kandun, Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Improvement at the Health Department, in a short message to Tempo yesterday (23/5).

Earlier, Indonesia refused to send H5N1 virus samples to the WHO's collaboration laboratory.

The reason for this is the virus, that must be given freely by infected countries, will later be used for research, including for producing bird flu vaccines.

The problem is, the vaccine made by developed countries will then be sold at an expensive price to the infected countries.

“Bird flu virus is provided free from developing countries, but medicinal companies take on a patent on the vaccines and sell it at an expensive price,” said Health Minister Siti Fadilah Supari.

According to Kandun, in the future the resolution will be followed up with cooperation among governments and among divisions.

The cooperation is aimed at revising the term of reference and documents on virus shipping.

“Virus shipping must be done transparently, responsibly and beneficially for all sides in maintaining the world's health,” he said.

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Indonesia: Market for China's Export Product Remainders

2007-05-24T12:08:00.000+07:00

Indonesian domestic product industries are losing the competition against China's imported goods in the domestic market.

The goods from China which enter Indonesia are export remainders.

Cyrillus Harinowo, BCA's Independent Commissioner, said most of China's goods in Indonesia are export goods remainders.

“So the prices are much cheaper,” he said during the “Dragons at Your Door: China's Position in the World Trade Course and How Indonesian Entrepreneurs Response China's Excellence” discussion yesterday (21/5).

Almost all of Chinese exports to Indonesia are export product remainders sold at a very low price.

It is estimated that Chinese products that enter Indonesia amount to 10 percent of China's total exports.

Cyrillus asked that domestic producers make goods which can compete with China-made products.

This is because tariff and non-tariff impediments for restraining the export goods remainders are also not effective.

“It's difficult to face such goods,” said Cyrillus.
Imposing a 100 percent import duty, he said, would not influence the abundance of Chinese products.

The reason for this is that Chinese products will still be cheaper than the normal prices on the international market.

Cyrillus suggested that producers group together to produce medium quality products in order to face the invasion of Chinese products.

This is because Indonesia can export more natural resources products especially energy source and agriculture products that China does not have.

The University of Indonesia's Chinese Study Center Head, Ignasius Wibowo, said that productivity of workers in China is very high, so China can produce cheap products.

“No bureaucracy impediments and production costs are much cheaper. China has managed to build industrial centers,” he said.

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World Bank Supports Freedom of Information Bill

2007-05-24T12:07:00.000+07:00

The public being ably to access easily information from governmental institutions is considered as one of the important factors in advancing corruption eradication.
This was conveyed by World Bank communication officer, Ahmad Sukarsono.

“Indonesia already has good instruments for corruption eradication, but without public open access, i believe corruption eradication will be more difficult,” said Ahmad during the Workshop of Access to Obtain Information and Good Governance in Indonesia at Le Meridien Hotel, Jakarta, Tuesday (22/5).

According to Ahmad, the Freedom to Obtain Public Information (KMIP) Bill which is being discussed by the House of Representatives (DPR) will be the oxygen for corruption cases in Indonesia.

World Bank as a financial organization which often provides loans, supports this KMIP Bill being passed.

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Medicine Prices in Indonesia Extremely High

2007-05-23T09:58:00.002+07:00

The public buys medicine with a price that is actually higher than the standard price. This fact is rarely realized because the medicines are needed and the consumers are not given an option to use other medicines.

“Patients are often deceived,” said the Head of Indonesian Health Consumers Empowerment Foundation, Marius Widjajarta, in Jakarta yesterday (21/5).

According to Marius, the foundation he is leading has carried out a survey in 25 hospitals in Indonesia. The result is the costs expended by patients for medical devices and medicines reach 60 to 70 percent of the total cost. “This isn't natural. Patients should only spend 30 percent of the total cost for buying medicines,” he said.

Marius assumed that the ruse against patients is practiced by pharmaceutical companies and doctors who give the prescription. Pharmaceutical companies set a high price for medicines they produce. “The difference can be 200 percent of the generic medicines price,” he said.

It is very rare that patients refuse a prescription given by a doctor. In the meantime, doctors have a motive that patients buy the medicines they recommend. “Pharmaceutical companies give commissions to doctors. The commission is a reward as the doctors prescribe the medicines they produce,” said Marius.

This sham actually does not have to happen if the government's role in monitoring the labeling of medicines runs well. The government must also issue a regulation to determine the price of branded medicines.

Director General of Pharmaceutical Service and Medical Device Improvement at the Health Department, Richard Panjaitan, said that the government does not have the authority to determine the prices of branded medicines.

The government is only authorized to determine the prices of generic medicines to be consumed by the public. “For determining medicine’s price, a law is necessary. Now the draft is being composed by us,” he said.

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AGO Reopens BPPC Case

2007-05-23T09:58:00.001+07:00

The Attorney General's Office (AGO) will once again investigate the alleged corruption of the Coordination Body and Clove Marketing (BPPC) which involved Hutomo Mandala Putra a.k.a. Tommy Suharto. The investigation is the AGO's priority as it is considered as the case with the fastest verification process compared to the other Tommy's cases.

“The order to begin investigation was issued on May 7,” said Director of Criminal Act Investigation, Muhammad Salim, yesterday (21/5).

Salim explained that the indications of corruption in the BPPC case are strong. He said these include the requirement that BPPC did not carry out as regulated by the Presidential Instruction No. 1/1992. However, he did not explain it further.

Salim also stressed he will examine all sides related to BPPC, including the former Main Village Unit Cooperative Chairman, Nurdin Khalid. The AGO team, he said, is formulating the role of the main cooperative chairman.

AGO's Civil Director, Yoseph Suardi Sabda, said the alleged corruption in BPPC can be made as a means of disbursing Tommy Suharto's money in Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) Paribas of the Guernsey branch by the Indonesian government. If the investigation states Tommy's money must be seized, Yoseph believes that the money in Guernsey can be used to pay the compensation. The disbursement can be done through the civil and criminal procedure.

Tommy's lawyer, O.C. Kaligis, is of the opinion that AGO's measure is only a manipulation and seems to be forced. “The main purpose is only the verification of the Guernsey trial,” said Kaligis when contacted by Tempo.

A member of the Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW) working body, Adnan Topan, is optimistic about the AGO's scenario. “The case hasn't expired. AGO can even name Tommy as a suspect,” he said.

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“England Must Oversee Origins of Oil Palm”

2007-05-21T16:46:00.001+07:00

“England Must Oversee Origins of Oil Palm”

England, as the biggest palm oil importer in the world after the Netherlands, must set up tight regulations on the origins of palm oil, which is to be a bio-fuel base commodity. This is because the development of a palm oil estate is closely related to deforestation and the orangutan slaughtering.

“We hope that the palm oil plantation will not destroy forests or habitats,” said Director of the Centre for Orangutan Protection (COP), Hardi Baktiantoro, during a rally in front of the British Embassy, Wednesday (16/5). In the rally, four COP activists wore the uniform of plantation officers and carried orangutan puppets, also fuel jerry cans.

Throughout 2006, said Hardi, the rescue team from the Forestry Department and the Nyarumenteng Orangutan Reintroduction Center, Central Kalimantan, managed to save 368 orangutans from a number of palm oil plantations. The plantation workers generally consider orangutans as pests as they eat palm oil leaves. They also chase orangutans from palm oil plantations. As a result, orangutans lose its habitats, water and food sources.

“This cruelty is a violation against the Decree No. 5/1990 on Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation. The perpetrators could face five year imprisonment or Rp100 million fine,” he said.

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Producers Lower CPO Sales Price

2007-05-18T08:28:00.000+07:00

The producers of crude palm oil (CPO) lowered the sales price at the factory level to Rp6,100 per kilogram starting yesterday (14/5). On Friday (11/5), the CPO sales price was Rp6,500 per kilogram.

By the decrease of the CPO sales price at factory level, it is expected that the price of cooking oil can decline to between Rp6,500 and Rp6,800 per kilogram, as expected by the government. The national average retail price of cooking oil is still Rp7,900 per kilogram.

This was an agreement between the government and CPO and cooking oil producers during the cooking oil price evaluation meeting at the Trade Department yesterday.

In the agreement in early May with the producers, the Trade Department threatened it will impose sanctions in the form of a hike in CPO export levies if producers could not lower the cooking oil price to Rp6,500-Rp6,800 on June 1.

Industry Minister, Fahmi Idris, said that producers were ready to supply between 100,000 and 150,000 tons of CPO to Java and outside Java. “As much as 80 percent goes to Java,” said Fahmi after the meeting.

Director General of Agriculture Products Marketing and Processing at the Agriculture Department, Djoko Said Damardjati, said yesterday that producers who are not in the Indonesian Palm Oil Entrepreneurs Association were also willing to provide 10,000 tons of additional CPO, which only awaits the approval of company leaders in Malaysia.

The price of cooking oil up to last weekend in several regions was still high.

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Some State Officials Do Not Pay Tax

2007-05-18T08:27:00.000+07:00

The Tax Directorate General revealed several names of state officials who have not paid tax or submitted the Yearly Information (SPT) of Tax. “They also don't have a personal tax number (NPWP),” Tax Director General Darmin Nasution told reporters in Jakarta, yesterday (14/5).

Although he has pocketed the names, he refused to explain the identities of state officials who did not pay tax. He was also reluctant to give the details of institutions or departments of the officials who did not report their tax obligation by the Tax SPT because he will first report the cases to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Regarding the names of civil officials of echelon IV up to I who neither have NPWP nor submitted Tax SPT, they will be reported to the respective ministry or state institutions. “This is a part of tax intensification to optimize the state revenue,” he said.

A House member, Andi Rahmat, said that the signals of state officials not paying tax have already been there a long time and this could happen. However, there is a possibility that the officials did not intend to break the law or avoid the obligation to pay tax.

The State officials generally have NPWPs. The problem is, he said, they are not accustomd to filling out Tax SPT. “Perhaps many ministers don't know how to fill out Tax SPT,” he said while mentioning that he already filled out his Tax SPT.

Therefore, he said that the Tax Directorate General must intensify the campaign of self assessment of tax much more. “Everybody must have an NPWP, especially those whose income exceeds the income that is tax-free,” he said.

He was sorry that Indonesia does not have a solid system yet like European countries which already implemented NPWP ownership. “In Europe, even people who want to make a call must show his or her NPWP, so they comply with the tax system,” he said.

He still supports the publication of the tax embezzlers. “The Tax Directorate General's findings must be revealed soon so that people feel the obligation to pay tax.”

_____
source

Tax Officials to Hunt Down Sukanto Tanoto

2007-05-18T08:26:00.000+07:00

The Tax Directorate General at the Finance Department will concentrate on hunting down the main players in the Asian Agri Group tax embezzlement case, including the company's owner Sukanto Tanoto and the other shareholders.

Mochamad Tjiptardjo, Director of Tax Intelligence and Investigation at the Finance Department's Tax Directorate General, did not deny the possibility that the Asian Agri's owner could be legally charged.

”If there is proof, then why not? This is already classified as a criminal case,” said Tjiptardjo in Jakarta yesterday (15/5).

“The numbers of the suspects and the amount of the state's losses may increase,” he said

When asked the same question, whether or not the Tax Directorate General would also hunt down Sukanto Tanoto, on a separate occasion, Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati said, “We'll see how the Tax Directorate General handles the case. But clearly, the government will chase after payment of all the tax debts plus the fines.”

On Monday (14/5), the Tax Directorate General already stated that five Asian Agri Group directors were suspects of tax embezzlement. The five persons' initials are LA, WT, ST, TNK and AN.

Asian Agri is the second biggest holding company in the Grup Raja Garuda Mas – a company owned by Sukanto Tanoto, Indonesia's richest person in 2006 according to Forbes magazine.

According to Tjiptardjo, 18 members of the Tax Directorate General investigation team are working domestically and abroad to search for new findings in the case.

The legal base being used to charge the embezzlers, including those who asked for the manipulation to be carried out, he said, was Decree No. 16/2000 on Tax General Provisions and Procedures.

So far, according to him, the case development was only as far as the involvement of the five Asian Agri directors.

Signs regard new suspects have not yet been reached at this level of the investigation.

It is so far estimated that the state's losses amount to Rp786.3 billion, or around 30 percent from the total funds marked-up by the company which reached Rp2.62 trillion, but this amount could rise.

According to M. Salim, Director of the Attorney General's Office Investigators, the AGO is still analyzing public complaints about Asian Agri’s alleged corruption and tax embezzlement practices.

“We just received the reports last week,” said Salim.
_____
sumber

China Asks Broadcasting Commission to Freeze 'Voice of Hope' Radio

2007-05-12T08:38:00.000+07:00

The Chinese Embassy asked the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) to freeze the 'Voice of Hope' radio program in Batam. The Commission received the request from the Counselor Minister at the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Jakarta, Monday (7/5).

“They said the radio often broadcasts political propaganda by speading anti-China teachings,' KPI Chairman, Sasa Djuarsa Sandjaya, told Tempo, Tuesday.
The radio station owned by PT Radio Semesta Baru, said Sasa, was suspected of having spread Falun Gong teachings. In its country of origin - China – in the beginning Falun Gong was only a part of martial arts. However, the Chinese government believes that the teachings are misleading.

According to Sasa, the Commission cannot cancel a radio station's permit abruptly. The measure that is to be taken must first be discussed with the Foreign Affairs Department and the State Intelligence Agency (BIN). In addition, the Press Council's opinion must also be considered, whether or not the program's material is in line with the journalistic code of ethics in Indonesia.

The 'Voice of Hope' radio is community radio which has been on-air in FM 106.5 frequency. Around 50 percent of the radio programs' material is conveyed in the Mandarin language. “Half in Indonesian language,” said Sasa.

The Embassy of the People's Republic of China's Counselor Minister for Indonesia, Yu Hong Yao, stated he did not intend to interfere with Indonesia's affairs. “We are only informed that there is Falon Gong in Indonesia, “Yu told Tempo.

According to Yu, he agreed that Falun Gong's activities are only limited to health and well-being. “But if it comes to politics and defaming the Chinese government, then we don't want it,” said Yu.
_____
source

Wahana's Bank Accounts Almost Empty

2007-05-11T13:50:00.000+07:00

The police have frozen nine bank accounts that belong to PT Wahana Bersama Globalindo, which is suspected of having embezzled its customers' funds.

According to Adjunct Chief Commissioner Tornagogo Sihombing, Head of the Jakarta Regional Police’s State Security Unit, most of the bank accounts' balances were nearly zero.

There were accounts with some funds, he said, but at most the balances were Rp1 million.

“We have already frozen nine accounts, including those in Citibank, BII, Bank Mandiri and BCA,” said Tornagogo yesterday (9/5).

Tornagogo went on to say that freezing the accounts was aimed at securing the assets of company which was suspected of having embezzled customers' funds totaling at least Rp1.4 trillion.

The police have also frozen other assets such as land, buildings and vehicles.

However, Tornagogo acknowledged he could not yet estimate the total value of the frozen assets.

He explained that the company which had been operating for 10 years started to become unsteady when customers in Surabaya withdrew their money in large amounts

“Then this affected other branches,” he said.

According to Tornagogo, the police are also investigating whether or not there were any misconducts in the customers' funds management because the funds collected in one city should have been transferred directly to Dressel.

“But lately funds have been transferred to Wahana first, not directly to Dressel,” said Tornagogo.
__________
tempo

Government to Accelerate SOE Privatization

2007-05-10T08:06:00.000+07:00

The government will accelerate the privatization of several state-owned enterprises (SOEs) this year.

“Privatization that has already been approved by the House of Representatives (DPR) must be speeded up,” Sofyan Djalil, SOE Minister, told reporters at the Presidential Office, Jakarta, yesterday (7/5).

Sofyan was installed as SOE Minister recently, replacing Sugiharto in the cabinet reshuffle announced by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, on Monday (7/5).

In addition to BNI, he said that SOE privatizations to be accelerated include PT Wijaya Karya and PT Jasa Marga.

“As regards Garuda (Indonesia), I don't know yet,” said Sofyan

According to him, another privatization that must be accelerated include further divestment and the rights issue of PT Bank Negara Indonesia because this has already have approved by DPR members.

“With right issue to market, capitalization will be strong,” said Sofyan.

DPR in fact approved BNI privatization using a secondary public offering of 15 percent and rights issue of 15 percent with an additional option of five percent.

Maximum divestment is 35 percent and minimum 30 percent.
Currently, 99.17 percent of BNI shares is owned by the government and the remainder by the public.

Divestment of BNI shares is aimed at fulfilling privatization target in the State Budget by Rp3.3 trillion.

Further BNI divestment is targeted to be realized in the first half of this year.

Wijaya Karya will carry out an initial public offering (IPO) of 35 percent with targeted proceeds of Rp500 billion.

As regards Jasa Marga, it will offer 30 percent shares in an IPO, with proceeds target of Rp2 trillion.
__________
tempo

State Suffers Tens of Million Rupiah Losses Due to Fictitious Tax Invoice

2007-05-09T16:56:00.000+07:00

Up to early May 2007, the Tax Directorate General has found nine cases of fictitious tax invoices which caused the state to suffer more than Rp20.1 billion in losses. The five fictitious tax cases were in Medan, North Sumatra; one in Jambi; two in Lampung and one in Jakarta.

The Director of Tax Intelligence and Investigation, Mochamad Tjiptardjo, said in Jakarta yesterday (7/5) that tax officers were also finalizing the investigation into the fictitious tax invoice carried out by a consultant office in Jakarta. “We continue concentrating on this case as the loss is certainly higher (than the findings in the nine cases),” he said.

The findings in the fictitious tax invoice cases, he said, were based on the complaints, reports and information from the general public to the tax investigation officers during 2007. The mode of operation includes preparing annual notification letter on behalf of the taxpayer's name with the claim amount already arranged based on the taxpayer's request, also issuing and using fictitious tax invoices.

Based on the administration records of the Tax Directorate General, he said taxpayers, either a body or individual, who have become suspects did not have tax numbers or never submitted the annual income tax notification.

He stressed that every action of using fictitious tax invoices is subject to imprisonment in line with Article 39 Paragraph 1, Letter a,b and c in conjunction with Article 43 Paragraph 1 of the Decree No.16/2000 on Tax General Provisions and Procedures.

The Head of the Tax Investigation Sub-directorate, Ilhamsyah, said the perpetrators who abused the fictitious tax invoice have become suspects.
__________
tempo

Industry Asked to Build Factories in Gas-Surplus Areas

2007-05-08T08:29:00.000+07:00

The government asked industry to build factories in a gas-surplus area in order to ease energy fuel distribution to the industries.

“Now it's time for industries to follow the energy, not vice versa,” said Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, during the presentation, Jakarta, Friday (4/5).

Purnomo said about the industries that can be developed in gas-surplus areas, such as Sulawesi and East Java, “Those which are not bound by gas contracts .”

Several areas which were listed as undergoing gas deficits until 2009 include North Sumatra and East Kalimantan.

__________
tempo

Government Orders Lapindo to Pay Compensation Quickly

2007-05-07T08:13:00.000+07:00

The government ordered PT Minarak Lapindo Jaya to pay compensation to locals starting this Monday. This was included in the points of agreement resulting from the dialog between the government, hot mudflow victims and Lapindo, Wednesday (2/5).

The dialog that went on from 3pm to 9.30pm was attended by the government – comprising the Sidoarjo Mudflow Handling Agency and the National Land Agency- PT Minarak Lapindo Jaya; Head of Sidoarjo Regional Representatives Council (DPRD); Porong District Chief, Tanggulanging District Chief also representatives from four villages – Jatirejo, Renikenongo, Kedungbendo and Siring.

“Compensation must be paid as soon as everything has passed the verification of notary or officials empowered to draw up land deeds (PPATK),” said Head of the Sidoarjo Mud Handling Agency Advisory Board Chairman, Bachtiar Chamsyah, during a press conference after the tripartite negotiation, at the Social Affairs Department, Jakarta, Wednesday.

In addition, the agreement says if a resident does not have the building permit (IMB), the building width will be based on the Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya's (ITS) data. Then, if the ITS data is lacking, the building width will be based on the letter of resident's statement legalized by the government based on the Government Regulation No. 14/2007.

Sidoarjo DPRD Chairman, Arly Fauzi, acknowledged he was not satisfied with the agreement. This is because there has not yet clarity about the definition of 'certificate legalization by the government.'

One of the residents' representatives, Khairul Huda, also said he was dissatisfied with the agreement.

__________
tempo

Deflation Increase Possibility of BI Rate Decrease

2007-05-04T10:11:00.000+07:00

It is possible that the Bank Indonesia's interest standard (BI Rate) will decrease due to deflation (goods and service's price decreases) last April.

It is estimated that by the end of the year, the BI Rate could reach 8.5 percent.

“The room for a BI Rate decrease is larger,” said Burhanuddin Abdullah, Bank Indonesia (BI Governor) in Jakarta yesterday (2/5).

Deflation, he said, also enlarged the possibility of reaching the inflation target of six percent plusor minus one percent.

“The possibility to reach the inflation target is larger,” he said.

On Tuesday (1/5) the Central Statistic Bureau (BPS) announced there was 0.16 deflation, better compared to in March which underwent inflation of 0.24 percent.

Of 45 cities surveyed by BPS, 30 cities or 66 percent underwent goods and service's price decreases, while the remainders underwent inflation.

The deflation was due to the decrease of prices shown by the decreasing index of food category (11.30 percent) and leisure and sports education (0.03 percent).

The causes of deflation include the drastic decrease of rice and red chili prices as also other vegetables.

In the State Budget 2007, the government targets annual inflation to be 6.5 percent while BI's target is six percent plus-minus one percent.

Currently, the BI Rate is at the level of nine percent.
During the meeting of Governors Board in early April, the central bank did not lower the interest standard as there was a threat of inflation.

Boediono, Coordinating Minister for the Economy, stressed that the deflation in April was extreme.y good agreeable because it strengthened the government's optimism in maintaining economic stability.

Therefore, the government will maintain the low inflation rate maximally in the following months.

__________
tempo

Russian Altimo Rumored to Want to Buy Indosat

2007-05-02T10:57:00.000+07:00

A business group from Russia, Altimo – Alfa Group is rumored as ready to buy 42 percent of the PT Indonesian Satellite's (Indosat) shares owned by ST Telemedia (Singapore).

Coordinator of the Business Technology and Information Analysis Institute, Musarman, explained that from the result of his institution's study, Altimo's plan to buy Indosat was discovered. “They provide US$2 billion of funds (around Rp18 trillion) for the transaction,” Musarman told Tempo in Jakarta yesterday (30/4).

He said that in order to realize the plan, Altimo has designed two scenarios. First, Altimo will directly buy 42 percent of Indosat's shares from ST Telemedia. Second, Altimo, through the State Enterprises Ministry, will buy all Indosat's shares that are owned by the Temasek Holding's subsidiary.

Musarman said, in carrying out the missions, Altimo utlized its representative in Jakarta to perform lobbying. “The name is Suharto,” he said.

When asked for confirmation, Suharto, who was in Russia, disputed the accusation. “That's not true,” he said.
He promised he would respond to the accusation by the time he returns from Russia. Indosat's spokesperson, Adita Irawati, also acknowledged not having information about the purchase plan. “So far we only know about the issue from the media,” she said.

Earlier, the government was also interested in buying back Indosat's shares from PT Telemedia. Vice President Jusuf Kalla, on many occasions, stated that the government wanted to buy back Indosat's shares. Adding to this, many groups in the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional Representative Councils (DPDs) continue generating support for the plan.

Indosat's shares on the floor of the stock market has been recording a rise since last week. On yesterday's trade, Indosat's price closed at Rp6,800 per share, rising Rp400 compared to Wednesday's (23/4) price of Rp6,400.

__________
tempo

Manpower Minister: Outsourcing Contract Provision Put Labor at a Loss

2007-05-01T19:07:00.000+07:00

Minister of Manpower and Transmigration, Erman Soeparno, said that the provision about outsourcing (sub-contract) workers in the Manpower Decree No. 13/2003 must be reviewed because it causes workers and laborers to suffer losses. The Article does not regulate the provision that a new company must extend the laborers’ contract after two years time.

“Many of the laborers’ contracts were not resumed and in the end they lost the job,” said Erman during an official visit to Pulogadung industrial zone, yesterday (30/4).

He said the Manpower Decree should have regulated the sanction for companies that do not extend the laborers’ contracts. “So that companies do not act arbitrarily,” he said.

In addition, the law must not regulate a company’s obligation to establish workers as permanent employees after the two-year contract term is due. As a result, companies often do not resume the contract.

Head of the Indonesian Prosperous Trade Union Confederation, Rekson Silaban, agreed that the provision on outsourcing contracts is reviewed. The Decree No. 13/2003, he said, still needs many Government Regulations. “There hasn’t yet been the detailed regulation, including about the companies’ reserves funds,” he said.

He also asked that the regulation on Workers’ Social Security be revised, especially the policy of unemployment and severance pay. In addition, the government needs to guarantee the use of the industrial relations court.

__________
tempo

Understanding the Components of a Home Network

2007-04-30T08:58:00.000+07:00

Home networks are becoming more common. People want to be able to share a single broadband Internet connection to several computers in the house. There are many different devices that you can use to make up your home network. If you have never heard network terminology device names like router, hub, etc may seem confusing.

The purpose of most of these devices are to control how the network passes around information. This information is sent in the form of "packets". I will refer to the term packet several times in this article. It simply means the data that the network is transporting. I will now explain the purpose of the major components of a home network.

What is a Hub

A hub is a device that has several Ethernet ports on the back of the device. One of these ports will likely be labeled “Uplink”. This port allows you to connect multiple hubs together, if you run out of ports on your hub. If you do not have an uplink port on your hub, the hub can not be easily extended if you run out of ports.

A hub is a device that attaches multiple computers on an Ethernet network. If you have a number different computers that you want to connect together, you could connect each to the hub. Any packet that is sent out by any computer on the network will immediately be transmitted to the other computers. Each computer will determine if the packet was really intended for it, and filter out packets that were intended for other computers.

You really should not use a hub in a modern home network. You should always use a switch in place of a hub. Switches will be discussed in the next section.

What is a Switch

A switch is a device that has several Ethernet ports on the back of the device. One of these ports will likely be labeled “Uplink”. This port allows you to connect multiple switches together, if you run out of ports on your switch. If you do not have an uplink port on your switch, the switch can not be easily extended if you run out of ports.

A switch serves the same function as a hub. It allows you to connect multiple computers together, so that they can exchange packets. However, a switch is much more efficient than a hub. A switch will only send Ethernet packets to the computer that the packet was intended for. Because of this you should always use a switch in place of a hub.

What is a Router

A router is a device that has several Ethernet ports on the back of the device. One of the connectors will be labeled WAN. You should connect the WAN port to the Ethernet connection on a broadband source, such as a cable or DSL modem. The other ports on the router can be connected other computers or switches/hubs that will share the WAN connection.

Routers allow you to share your broadband connection with multiple computers in your house. Rather than connecting your computer directly into your cable or DSL modem you connect the router to the cable or DSL modem. Now any computer that you connect to the router will have access to the Internet.

If you run out of ports on your router you can always connect an additional switch to the router. To connect a switch to a router simply connect the switch’s "uplink" port to one of the routers Ethernet ports. Of course, don’t connect to the router’s WAN port. The WAN port should only be connected to something such as a cable or DSL router.

Some routers come with additional features installed. Most routers also include a firewall. Firewalls are discussed in the next section. Some routers will also include a wireless access point (WAP). The WAP allows you to use wireless devices, such as wireless laptops, with the Internet.

What is a Firewall

A firewall controls traffic flow between your network and the Internet. A firewall can be either hardware or software. Windows XP SP2 or higher includes a software firewall. A hardware firewall is included with most routers.

A firewall is a very good idea. It can protect you from inbound virus attempts. By inbound virus attempt I mean other computers that will connect to your computer and attempt to infect your computer. You do not want to run a computer directly connected to the Internet, without a firewall. There are just too many other computers out there that can connect and infect you without you even noticing.

What is a Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A network attached storage device is s device that allows a hard drive to be shared across the network. This hard drive is NOT attached to any of your computers. It is simply made available by the NAS. This can be a convent way to add a hard drive that can be accessed by several computers on your network. The other common way to add a network hard drive is to simply share a folder on one of your computers. However, with the NAS, you do not need to keep one of your computers on at all times.

There are two types of NAS commonly available. The first type comes with a build in hard drive. The second accepts a USB or Firewire external hard drive. The advantage to using a USB or Firewire hard drive is that you can upgrade the hard drive if it ever were to become too small.

What is a Print Server

Just like you can buy a device to allow you to share a hard drive, you can do the same with a printer. A print server connects directly to your printer. Your printer is then shared to all of your computers on the network. This is convent because you do not need to leave the printer hooked to a computer, which must be turned on to print.

Conclusions

As you can see there are many different components. Perhaps the final component that I have yet to mention is the cable. These components are connected together with CAT5 Ethernet cable.

You are now ready to pick out the components for your home network!

Make Money Fast With Google Adwords

2007-04-28T15:47:00.000+07:00

Do you want to make money fast? In this article we are going to
talk about one of the fastest ways to make money online. Making
money fast is not only possible there are people doing it
everyday thanks to Google Adwords.

Google Adwords are designed so you can reach the targeted market
of people looking for your product. It's easy to set up your ads
and you control the amount of money you want to spend on a daily
basis. What makes GoogleAds a way to make money fast is that you
can see your ads online in just minutes of creating them. It
only costs $5 to set up your account and there is no spending
limit so this is a great way for anyone to get started making
money online right away.

Google offers some great tools to track the success of your
marketing campaign. They provide you with cost estimations and
tools to help you control the price of your ads. They are very
interested in your your success and seeing you attract qualified
prospects in the most cost effective way possible. This is the
backbone of the success of Google Ads. It works because the
keywords you choose to advertise under bring up search results
that match what your prospect is looking for therefore
increasing your chances for a sale.

Here are some of the most common terms you'll see as you get
started:

Keyword - The keywords you choose for a given Ad Group are used
to target your ads to potential customers.

Campaign - A campaign consists of one or more Ad Groups. The ads
in a given campaign share the same daily budget, language and
country targeting, end dates, and distribution options.

Ad Group - An Ad Group contains one or more ads targeting one
set of keywords. You set the maximum price you want to pay for
an Ad Group keyword list or for individual keywords within the
Ad Group.

Impression (Impr.) - The number of impressions is the number of
times an ad is displayed on Google or the Google Network.

Keyword Matching Options - There are four types of keyword
matching: broad matching, exact matching, phrase matching, and
negative keywords. These options help you refine your ad
targeting on Google search pages.

Maximum cost-per-click (CPC) - With keyword-targeted ad
campaigns, you choose the maximum cost-per-click (Max CPC) you
are willing to pay. Our AdWords Discounter automatically reduces
this amount so that the actual CPC you are charged is just one
cent more than the minimum necessary to keep your position on
the page.

Maximum cost-per-impression (CPM) - With site-targeted ad
campaigns, you choose the maximum cost per thousand impressions
(Max CPM) you are willing to pay. As with Max CPC, the AdWords
Discounter automatically reduces this amount so that the actual
CPM you are charged is the minimum necessary to keep your
position on the page.

The fastest way to make money is to start a Google Adwords
campaign in the next 15 minutes. Other people are doing it. Why
not you? Google has a great sign up demo that you can view here.

https://adwords.google.com/select/

An excellent book on making money fast with Google Ads is Google
Cash by Chris Carpenter. This book includes 20 online videos
that will take you step by step on making money online with
Google.

The internet offers many ways to make money fast. The nice thing
about Google Adwords you can be advertising online with the most
used search engine in minutes at a price you can afford. This
truely allows you to make money fast and you can do it over and
over with as many products as you want.

A program that is excellent to build a Google Ads campaing
around is the Plugin Profit Site.

The Plugin Profit Site will give you your own website,
newsletter, follow-up training, and an easy way to get started
in 3 steps for less than $100.

BI Cautious of Private Sector’s Foreign Currency Loans

2007-04-25T14:16:00.000+07:00

Bank Indonesia (BI) is cautious of the increase of the private sector’s loans in foreign currencies. This was conveyed during BI’s coordination meeting with Coordinating Minister for the Economy and Finance Minister yesterday (23/4).

readmore...

Buat yang Mau Diet

2007-03-16T13:55:00.000+07:00

Tubuh perlu vitamin dan mineral untuk pembakaran kelebihan lemak, setiap hari. Untuk mempertahankan dan memperbaiki otot, tulang dan darah, tubuh perlu protein yang cukup. Jadi, bisa dibayangkan, gimana jadinya kalau kamu kekurangan zat-zat itu karena diet?

Diet sebetulnya boleh saja. Hanya untuk pemula, sebaiknya hati-hati. Lakukan secara berkala. Maksudnya, dari diet ringan dulu. Diet ketat atau crash diet, bisa merusak kulit, lho. Kulit bias kendor dan berkerutut, terutama di bagian perut, paha dan sekitarnya.

Gimana mengatasinya?

* Gunakan pelembab yang sifatnya tahan lama (long lasting hydrating fluid) yang dapat tahan 12-24 jam. Ini penting untuk menjaga dehidrasi.

* Gunakan produk yang mengandung asam glikolat untuk meningkatkan kekenyalan serta ketebalan kulit dermal dan epidermal sekitar 25%-40%.

* Gunakan pelembab kulit untuk melembabkan kulit tubuh dan body gel setelah mmandi sore untuk mengencangkan kulit serta mengurangi kekenduran dan stretch mark di kulit.

* Bila sudah terlihat stretch mark pada kulit tubuh, hubungi dokter kulit dan nutrisi untuk perawatan intensif.

* Jangan malas olahraga untuk mengencangkan otot di bawah permukaan kulit. Atau kamu bisa mengikuti program pengencangan otot.

* Tambah porsi makanan yang banyak mengandung serat dan cairan seperti sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan. Buah prun dan yoghurt bisa membantu kerja pencernaan.

* Konsultasikan dengan dokter atau ahli nutrisi untuk mengkonsumsi kapsul antioksidan vitamin A (regenerasi sel), vitamin C (ketahanan tubuh), vitamin E (melindungi kulit) dan Seng (mencegah peradangan kulit termasuk jerawat).

Motorola Luncurkan Seri 'ROKR' Terbaru

2007-02-11T15:15:00.000+07:00

Motorola luncurkan seri ROKR baru? Ya, Motorola ROKR E6 Motorola dan merupakan smartphone ROKR E6 tak didukung dengan iTunes, seperti halnya ROKR E2 handset berbasis Linux tanpa dukungan iTunes pula, namun ROKR E6 benar-benar berbeda. adalah keluaran baru dari versi Linux dengan dukungan multimedia. Walau pengembangan yang juga merupakan

Tak ada kesamaan desain dengan seri RAZR pada Motorola ROKR E6. Walaupun seri ini telah diprediksikan sebelumnya oleh Motorola, penampilannya kali ini terlihat sangat fresh dengan style Motorola ROKR E6 tampak lebih 'manis'. PDA. Dengan ketebalan hanya 14 mm.

Fitur utama dari Motorola ROKR E6 adalah layar 2,4" touch-sensitive berdimensi 240x320 piksel dan kedalaman warna 262 ribu warna. Tak seperti produk Motorola pada umumnya, Motorola ROKR E6 memiliki memori tambahan jenis SD cardsBluetooth, Motorola ROKR E6 juga dilengkapi dengan FM radio. dan memori internal 2Gb. Selain memiliki fitur

Dan untuk fitur multimedia memiliki banyak sekali pengembangan, Motorola ROKR E6 headphone Bluetooth . Selain itu, media bisa juga ditransfer ke headset melalui kabel USB 2.0 atau dengan memory card reader. mendukung format MP3, AAC, WMA, RealMedia, WMR, WAV, MPEG4, H.263 dan lainnya. Fasilitas audionya bisa dihubungkan dengan koneksi socket 3,5 mm

Motorola memang menerapkan fitur entertainment pada Motorola ROKR E6, namun juga melengkapinya dengan fitur seperti pada PDA, yakni web browser, email client, Microsoft Office viewer dan juga fungsi lengkap Personal Information Management (PIM).

Motorola ROKR E6 adalah handset berjaringan GSM, walaupun mungkin ia dilengkapi pula dengan dukungan koneksi data EDGE, sebagai tambahan untuk fasilitas GPRS (untuk fitur EDGE hingga saat ini masih belum bisa dipastikan).

Namun demikian, tak dapat dipungkiri bahwa penampilan Motorola ROKR E6 benar-benar luar biasa, sesuai dengan fitur yang dimilikinya. Dan untuk saat ini Motorola ROKR E6 masih ditujukan bagi pasar China, untuk kawasan Asia, dan akan tersedia pada bulan ini.

Spesifikasi:

Jaringan: GSM xxx/xxx?
Data: GPRS, (EDGE?)
Layar: 240x320 pixel, 262k warna
Kamera: 2 megapixel
Ukuran: Masih belum diketahui
Bluetooth: Ya
Memory card: SD card
Infra-red: Tak disebutkan
Polyphonic: Ya
Java: Ya
Baterai: Tak disebutkan

Now available: Adobe Reader 8

2007-01-25T11:47:00.000+07:00

baca yang mau membaca review mengenai adobe acrobat v 8, silahkan klik link :Adobe Reader 8

Penyesuaian Tarif VAS XL

2007-01-12T13:50:00.000+07:00

PT Excelcomindo Pratama (XL) akan melakukan penyesuaian beberapa tarif untuk layanan value added service (VAS) Per tanggal 15 November 2005. Dimana tarif VAS yang baru sebagai berikut :

- Setiap pengiriman SMS ke kode akses akan dikenakan biaya pengiriman SMS Normal (jempol: Rp 299,-;

bebas/jempol city: Rp 350,-; Xplor: Rp 250,-; semua tarif sudah termasuk PPN), diluar biaya content yang berlaku.

Contoh:

1. Pengguna bebas melakukan download ringtones polyphonic, maka biaya yang akan dikenakan adalah sebagai

berikut:

a. biaya pengiriman SMS untuk bebas Rp 350,- (termasuk PPN)
b. biaya content download polyphonic Rp 5000,- (belum termasuk PPN)

Jadi untuk 1 layanan download ringtones polyphonic dikenakan biaya sebesar Rp. 5.850 (termasuk PPN)

- Penyesuaian harga untuk Layanan Data/Life In Hand, khusus untuk tarif Rp 600,- /content menjadi Rp 1000/content

(belum termasuk PPN), baik yang diakses melalui menu browser maupun SMS. Layanan tersebut adalah:

1. FUN : Todays Joke, Story, Hangman, Boom, Adventure, Balap
2. UPDATE: Horoscope, National News, International News, Economy News, Film News, Sport News, Cinema, Stocks, Forex, Celeb Bday, Music News, Shio Says, Where R U?, Zodiak jawa
3. TRAVEL: Hotel, Restaurant, Train, Flight, Safe Trip
4. OFFICE : Email(SMS), Dictionary
5. DIRECTORY: I Near U

Firefox 2 Released!

2006-11-03T13:20:00.000+07:00

Mozilla Releases Major Update to Firefox and Raises the Bar for Online Experience

Enhancements to usability, security and customization make Firefox 2 a must-have upgrade for all Web users

MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIF. – Oct. 24, 2006 – Mozilla today released Firefox® 2, a major update to its popular and acclaimed free, open source Web browser. Firefox is developed by an international community of contributors working together under the umbrella of the Mozilla Foundation, a non-profit, public-benefit organization dedicated to improving the Internet experience for people everywhere.

In less than two years, tens of millions of people worldwide have discovered the easier, faster and safer online experience that Firefox provides. Translated into more than 35 languages at its release, Firefox 2 is available in a native language version for more people around the world than any other Web browser.

Firefox 2 is immediately available for Windows, Mac or Linux operating systems as a free download from www.getfirefox.com.

“Firefox 2 delivers the best possible online experience for people today,” said Mitchell Baker, CEO, Mozilla. “The improvements Mozilla has made to the ease of use, performance, and security in Firefox 2 reflect our ongoing, singular focus on meeting the needs of Web users all over the world.”

What’s New in Firefox 2

Improvements to the user interface, security tools and options for customization, combine to deliver a rich, engaging, safer and more productive Web browsing experience for all.

Tabbed browsing. Firefox popularized tabbed browsing, enabling multiple Web sites to be viewed as separate tabs contained within a single browser window, and improving people’s efficiency by helping them better organize their desktops. In Firefox 2, tabbed browsing has been further improved with the addition of individual close buttons on each tab, enhanced tab navigation features, and a session restore system that automatically restores previously-open windows and tabs when a new browsing session is started.

Spell checking. Modern Web sites are increasingly complex with the rollout of new, rich Internet applications, such as word processors, spreadsheets and blogging tools. Inline spell checking in Firefox 2 automatically checks for spelling errors and suggests corrections as users interact with Web sites, bringing a common desktop feature to the Web.

Search. Search is one of the most frequently used features of the Web. With Firefox 2, Mozilla improves the browser’s integrated search capabilities, making it even easier for users to find the information they are looking for. The new Search Suggestions feature dynamically updates a drop-down list of suggested search terms as users enter text into the search bar for Google, Yahoo! or Answers.com search engines.

Web feeds. Firefox users can now take better advantage of the frequently updated content offered by Web sites, with increased options for handling Web feeds. Users now see a preview of the content being offered and are given the option to subscribe to a feed as a Live Bookmark, using a Web service such as Bloglines, My Yahoo!, or Google Reader, or with a desktop application.

Identity theft protection. In addition to its award-winning safeguards for blocking drive-by installation of spyware and unwanted pop-up windows, Firefox 2 helps protect users from identity theft by quickly informing them when they surf to a questionable Web site. To protect users’ privacy, Phishing Protection is active by default with a local blacklist that updates hourly, rather than sending information to an external online service. An enhanced mode is available where users may optionally elect to have Firefox check the validity of Web sites with a third-party Web service, such as Google, prior to loading the site. Phishing Protection provides warnings, advice and guidance when Firefox encounters a Web site that appears to be fraudulent or malicious.

Proven security model. Mozilla’s open and transparent community-driven security model helps ensure Firefox provides the safest possible online experience. Thousands of security experts and technical contributors from around the world examine and analyze the Firefox source code, uncover potential threats and vulnerabilities, and work together to quickly identify and address emerging threats. This open, distributed, innovative approach to security puts people’s interests first and delivers the safest Web experience possible.

Customization. No other browser can be customized like Firefox 2. With thousands of add-ons that enhance the browser’s functionality and features, Firefox lets users personalize their Web browsers to fit their interests and style.

For more information on Mozilla Firefox 2 and how it delivers an easier, faster and safer online experience, visit www.mozilla.com/firefox/features.html.

Mozilla Firefox 2 is available now as a free download from www.getfirefox.com.

Apricot Cheese Pralines

2006-10-30T09:43:00.000+07:00

Bahan :

110 gr cheese cream
75 gr icing sugar
30 gr selai apricot
300 gr milk cooking chocolate compound, lelehkan.

Cara Membuat :

Bahan Isi : Kocok cheese cream dan icing sugar hingga tercampur rata, masukkan selai apricot, aduk. Tuang semua bahan ini kedalam plastik segitika, sisihkan.
Siapkan cetakan coklat, taruh dalam freezer hingga dingin.
Tuang sedikit coklat leleh pada cetakan, gunakan kuas untuk melapisi dindingnya, bekukan dalam freezer lagi.
Tuang bahan isi kedalam coklat beku tadi, bekukan lagi.
Tuang lagi coklat leleh diatasnya, bekukan lagi, lalu keluarkan dari cetakan. Siap dikemas.

Caramel Cake

2006-10-29T09:45:00.000+07:00

Bahan:

425 gr gula pasir
450 ml air panas
180 gr tepung terigu
50 gr tepung maizena
8 btr telur ayam
150 gr margarin
2 sdt soda kue
200 ml susu kental manis

Cara Membuatnya:

Taruh gula pasir diatas wajan, masak diatas api hingga berwarna coklat gosong, tuangi air panas, biarkan mendidih dan gula larut. Angkat, dinginkan.
Kocok margarin dan susu kental sampai putih, masukkan telur satu per satu, sambil tetap dikocok. Matikan mixer.
Masukkan terigu yang telah diayak bersama soda kue dan maizena sedikit demi sedikit sambil diaduk hingga rata.
Tuang karamel ke dalam adonan sedikit demi sedikit, sambil diaduk hingga rata.
Tuang adonan ke dalam loyang tulban yang telah dioles margarin dan ditaburi tepung.
Panggang dalam oven, suhu 180’C selama kl. 40 menit atau sampai matang.

Chiffon Pandan Cake

2006-10-28T00:56:00.000+07:00

Bahan A

300 cc Putih telur
150 g Gula pasir
½ sdt Garam halus
1 sdt Cream of tartar

Bahan B

50 g Gula pasir
20 g Susu bubuk FC
20 g Tepung maizena
140 g Tepung terigu
100 cc Corn oil
100 cc Air daun suji
7 butir Kuning telur
1 sdt Milk flavour (boleh dihilangkan)
1 sdt Baking Powder Double Acting
Pandan pasta secukupnya

Cara Membuat

Kuning telur dan gula dikocok terlebih dahulu sampai kental, lalu masukkan terigu yang telah dicampur dengan double acting BP, corn oil, air dan bahan B lainnya .
Putih telur, gula dan cream of tartar dikocok sampai kencang, lalu masukkan bahan A lain dan diaduk sampai rata betul
Tuang adonan putih telur secara bertahap kedalam adonan kuning telur, aduk perlahan hingga rata benar.
Kemudian tuang dalam loyang chiffon. Lalu dipanggang selama kurang lebih 45 menit dengan panas oven kurang lebih 180 derajat Celsius, hingga matang

Blueberry Cheesecake

2006-10-27T10:13:00.000+07:00

Bahan crustnya:

250 gr biskuit coklat
50 gr margarine, lelehkan
½ sdt vanilli bubuk

Bahan Cheesecakenya:

200 gr gula pasir
4 btr telur
1 sdt emulsifier
1 kg cheese cream
250gr sour cream

Bahan toppingnya:

250ml whipped cream
1 sdm gula pasir
250 gr selai blue berry
coklat blok untuk hiasan

Cara membuat:

Siapkan loyang bongkar pasang 22cm/24cm, olesi mentega. Sisihkan
Hancurkan biskuit hingga halus, lalu tuang margarine leleh, dan vanili bubuk, aduk rata.
Masukkan adonan biskuit pada loyang, ratakan dan tekan-tekan sampai padat, oven sebentar (lk. 10 menit), angkat, sisihkan.
Kocok gula dan telur dengan mixer kecepatan tinggi hingga naik, tambahkan emulsifier, kocok terus hingga kental, masukkan cheese cream, dan sour cream bergantian sambil dikocok terus, tuangkan kahlua (bila suka)
Tuangkan adonan ini kedalam loyang tadi (yg sudah beralas biskuit), lalu panggang dengan cara au bain marie selama 90 menit.
Angkat, dinginkan di suhu kamar hingga dingin betul.
Sementara itu kocok whipped cream dan gula pasir hingga kental, oleskan diatas cheese cake, lalu bekukan dalam kulkas selama lk. 3 s/d 4 jam.
Ratakan selai blue berry diatasnya, hias dengan coklat bentukan atau buah-buahan kaleng, potong-potong , sajikan

Singkong Thailand (Sweet Cassava)

2006-10-26T08:55:00.000+07:00

Bahan:

500 gr singkong / ubi kayu
100 gr gula pasir
200 ml air
½ sdt garam
200 ml santan instant
1 sdm tepung maizena, cairkan dengan sedikit air.

Cara membuatnya:

Rebus singkong dan air hingga matang, masukkan gula pasir, masak terus hingga gula meresap. Tuang santan instant. Didihkan sekali lagi. Tuang tepung maizena cair, aduk rata hingga mendidih dan mengental. Angkat. Sajikan.

Cake Tape Keju

2006-10-25T05:59:00.000+07:00

[untuk 2 loyang Loaf]

Bahan :

8 btr kuning telur
6 btr putih telur
250 gr margarin
250 gr gula kastor
250 gr tepung terigu
400 gr tape singkong haluskan
3 sdm susu kental manis
50 gr keju Cheddar parut.

Cara Membuat:

Kocok margarine dan gula kastor hingga pucat dan mengembang, masukkan kuning telur satupersatu, kocok terus hingga tercampur benar.
Masukkan tape halus yg sudah dicampur dengan susu kental manis, aduk rata. Lalu tuangkan pula terigu.
Kocok putih telur hingga kaku, masukkan kedalam adonan tape, aduk rata. Tuang juga sebagian keju, ratakan.
Tuang adonan kedalam loyang, taburi atasnya dengan sisa keju, panggang dalam oven +/- 45 menit, hingga matang.

Nastar Special

2006-10-24T02:28:00.000+07:00

[untuk 2 loyang Loaf]

Bahan :

300 gr mentega & margarine
75 gr gula tepung
4 btr kuning telur
1 btr putih telur
1 sdt perenyah cookies
1 sdt vanilla pasta
40 gr tepung maizena
35 gr susu bubuk FC
450 gr tepung terigu (protein sedang)

Bahan Olesan:

5 btr kuning telur
1 sdm air
1 sdm mentega leleh

Cara Membuat:

Kocok mentega. Margarine, gula tepung, perenyah cookies, dan vanilla pasta hingga pucat, masukkan telur, kocok lagi hingga mengembang (lk. 2 menit)
Masukkan tepung, susu, dan maizena, aduk rata. Adonan siap diisi selai nanas dan dibuat aneka bentuk.
Panggang dengan suhu 130 derajat selama kurang lebih 20 menit

Selai Nanas:

Bahan:

1 kg nanas yg sudah di haluskan
300 gr gula pasir
1 ruas kayu manis
1 bh biji cengkih

Cara Membuat :

Masak nanas diatas api sedang hingga airnya surut, masukkan gula pasir, kayu manis dan cengkih, masak terus hingga kental.
Buat bulatan kecil untuk isi nastar.

Cheese Stick

2006-10-23T01:22:00.000+07:00

Bahan:

250 gr tepung terigu
125 gr tepung sagu
½ sdt garam
2 btr telur
100 ml air hangat kuku
50 gr mentega
150 gr keju edam, parut
50 gr keju cheddar parut
minyak sayur untuk menggoreng

Cara membuat:

campur tepung terigu, tepung sagu, garam, keju cheddar, keju edam dan telur, uleni sambil dituangi air hingga tidak lengket, masukkan mentega uleni terus hingga kalis. Lalu bulatkan.
Tipiskan adonan dengan rolling pin, lalu gunakan alat penipis, gilas bentuh pipih beberapa kali hingga licin. Terakhir taburi tepung sagu tipis-tipis, giling bentuk stick.
Panaskan minyak dalam api sedang, goreng chees stick hingga kuning kecoklatan. Angkat, tiriskan.
Setelah dingin, simpan dalam toples rapat.

Sagu Keju

2006-10-22T11:04:00.000+07:00

Bahan:

300 gr tepung sagu
2 lembar daun pandan
100 gr margarine
50 gr mentega (butter)
150 gr gula halus
1 butir kuning telur
100 gr keju edam, parut
50 ml santan kental

Cara membuat:

Sangrai tepung sagu dan daun pandan dengan api kecil hingga daun pandan kering. Angkat, dinginkan
Kocok margarine dan mentega hingga putih dan lembut masukkan gula, kocok rata, tambahkan kuning telur, kocok rata.
Campur tepung sagu dan keju parut, tuang bertahap kedalam adonan mentega, aduk rata. Tambahkan santan, aduk lagi hingga rata.
Masukkan adonan kedalam plastik conthong (segitiga), gunakan spuit bintang, semprotkan kedalam loyang tipis yang sudah dioles mentega dan ditabur tepung.
Oven selama kurang lebih 40menit.

Catatan:

Kenali oven masing-masing, perhatikan waktu dan suhu yg diperlukan, selalu lakukan test.

Blue Coat rilis mesin baru

2006-10-21T08:20:00.000+07:00

Blue Coat Systems merilis produk model peranti keras mesin proxy yang menawarkan peningkatan kinerja sekitar dua hingga tiga kali lipat lebih tinggi dari model sebelumnya.

Blue Coat mengamankan komunikasi berbasis Web dan mempercepat kinerja aplikasi-aplikasi bisnis pada berbagai perusahaan.

Mesin ProxySG dan ProxyAV memungkinkan administrator untuk mengendalikan lalu lintas jaringan perusahaan, termasuk P2P, instant messaging, dan streaming media, HTTP dan HTTPS.

Sementara itu, untuk pemasaran produk dan pelayanan teknis di Indonesia, Blue Coat menunjuk PT Amafindo Persada sebagai salah satu distributor resmi untuk produk-produk Blue Coat, efektif sejak Agustus lalu.

Amafindo merupakan distributor yang fokus pada pemasaran dan penyediaan layanan teknis bagi produk-produk Penunjukan tersebut diakui sebagai bagian strategi Blue Coat untuk meningkatkan penetrasi di Indonesia.

Kirim Kiss Bye Via Ponsel

2006-10-20T10:28:00.000+07:00

Mengungkapkan rasa sayang dan cinta lewat ponsel tidak lagi sekadar dengan kata-kata atau simbol. Dengan layar sentuh berteknologi baru, Anda bisa melayangkan pesan berupa kecupan sayang kepada orang terkasih dan si penerima pesan pun akan turut merasakannya!

Synaptics (perusahaan pengembang layar sentuh/touch screen) bahu membahu dengan Pilotfish (rumah desain industri) mengembangkan sebuah user interface terbaru yang peka sentuhan untuk ponsel. Perangkat dengan konsep baru ini diberi nama Onyx.

Perangkat utama pada Onyx adalah Synaptics` ClearPad, sebuah layar sentuh jernih setebal 0,5mm yang dapat melapisi layar displai ponsel. ClearPad ini sekaligus menggantikan input key mekanis. Pengembangnya mengklaim bahwa layar sentuh Synaptics lebih pintar daripada layar sentuh biasa.

Keunggulannya terletak pada kemampuan mengenali sentuhan dengan ujung sebuah benda, ketukan, dan gerakan yang kompleks, bahkan jarak dengan pipi pengguna ponsel.
Terobosan baru ini menciptakan kemungkinan-kemungkinan, seperti mengaktifkan fungsi dengan ketukan dua jari, menutup aplikasi/fungsi dengan menorehkan tanda ‘X” di layar,atau menerima panggilan hanya dengan menempelkan ponsel ke pipi.

Ponsel dengan teknologi baru ini dapat mengenali bentuk-bentuk tertentu dan dapat mengirimkan pesan ciuman bergaya emoticon, dan penerima pesan dapat melihat bibir si pengirim pesan sedang mencium ponsel.

Menurut Clark Foy (VP Synaptics), ponsel Onyx mengilustrasikan bagaimana kemajuan teknologi antarmuka dan desain akan mendorong kemajuan interaksi dan layanan mobile.

Download Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) Final Release

2006-10-19T12:49:00.000+07:00

After several releases of beta version and release candidate version of Internet Explorer 7 (IE7), the new web browser has gone gold and released as official final version, with build 7.0.5730.11. Internet Explorer 7 features tabbed browsing support, web search widget right from the toolbar, advanced printing option such as shrink-to-fit printing, anti-phishing filter, ability to discover, read and subscribe to RSS feeds directly from IE7. More importantly, IE7 has improved security features such as ActiveX opt-in and improved support for web standards and CSS (cascading style sheets).

IE7 is available for free download at Internet Explorer Home. There are currently 4 English editions of IE7 available for download:

Windows XP SP2 Edition :
IE7-WindowsXP-x86-enu.exe

Windows XP Pro x64 Edition :
IE7-WindowsServer2003-x64-enu.exe

Windows Server 2003 32-bit Edition :
IE7-WindowsServer2003-x86-enu.exe

Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition :
IE7-WindowsServer2003-x64-enu.exe

Windows Server 2003 ia64 Edition :
IE7-WindowsServer2003-ia64-enu.exe

Other localised language edition of IE7 such as Arabic, Finnish, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish will be releasing within the next few weeks, and other languages follows after that.

Yahoo! also released its edition of Internet Explorer 7 optimized for Yahoo! which incorporates several features unique to Yahoo! such as dual home pages of Yahoo! & Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Search as default search engine and pre-installed Yahoo! Toolbar. Ironically, IE7 optimized for Yahoo! is released and available for free download and upgrade even before Microsoft releases official version of IE7.

IE7 will also be distributed and released as high-priority update via Automatic Updates in November 2006. Installation of IE7 needs a genuine Windows, which will be validated during setup process.

Paypal Merambah ke Indonesia

2006-10-18T12:03:00.000+07:00

hmm... menarik. apanya ..?? koq saya langsung mengatakan demikian. karena, ada satu perubahan di bidang keuangan. lho koq ..??? sok tau negh. jadi gene... paypal sudah bisa dirasakan oleh bangsa Indonesia. kaget ga ..?? harus dong. karena yang lama dinanti, akhirnya muncul juga ke permukaan.

kalo kamu-kamu kurang jelas bacanya, ada koq reviewnya di funkyblog denero.

*makasih banyak mas denero atas link nya.

Lebaran Telah Datang

2006-10-17T10:41:00.000+07:00

Assalamualaikum...

Lebaran telah tiba
Sambut kemenangan

Taqobalallahu minna wa minkum
Taqobbal yaa kariim
Minal Aidin wal fa idzin
Mohon maaf lahir dan bathin

maafkan atas kesalahan-kesalahan saya, sengaja ataupun tidak disengaja.
Semoga seluruh Amal dan Ibadah kita bisa diterima oleh ALLAH SWT. amin

Selamat Idul Fitri 1 Syawal 1427 H

Wassalamualaikum...

Format Usulan Tugas Akhir

2006-10-16T11:04:00.000+07:00

Lampiran Usulan Tugas Akhir hendaknya dibuat secara realitis, komprehensif dan terperinci yang berisi hal-hal berikut :

1. Judul Tugas Akhir.

Judul hendaknya dibuat singkat tetapi cukup jelas menggambarkan tema pokok.

2. Latar Belakang Masalah

Setiap penelitian yang diajukan untuk Tugas Akhir harus mempunyai latar belakang masalah (aktual) yang diduga atau yang memang memerlukan pemecahan. Latar belakang timbulnya masalah perlu diuraikan secara jelas dengan sejauh mungkin didukung oleh data atau penalaran yang mantap. Kejelasan latar belakang timbulnya masalah akan memudahkan perumusan masalah.

3. Perumusan Masalah

Masalah yang akan dicari pemecahannya melalui penelitian yang diajukan untuk Tugas Akhir, hendaknya dirumuskan dalam bentuk deklaratif atau dalam bentuk kalimat-kalimat pertanyaan yang tegas dan jelas guna menambah ketajaman perumusan. Pada prinsipnya masalah yang akan dicari pemecahannya harus cukup terbatas ruang lingkupnya agar dapat dimungkinkan pengambilan kesimpulannya yang difinitif. Pengertian yang terbatas itu hendaknya ditetapkan dengan berorientasi kepada prospek kegunaannya secara operasional. Bila kegunaan operasionalnya hanya dapat dicapai melalui perumusan-perumusan masalah yang agak luas (tidak terlalu terbatas), hendaknya diarahkan kepada bisa tidaknya penelitian dengan masalah yang seluas itu dilaksanakan. Uraian perumusan masalah tidak perlu dalam bentuk kalimat pertanyaan.

4. Tujuan Tugas Akhir

Hasil utama dari tugas akhir adalah data atau informasi yang berhasil disusun melalui kegiatan penelitian. Uraikan dengan singkat mengenai tujuan dari Tugas Akhir. Tugas Akhir dapat bertujuan untuk menjajagi, menguraikan, menerangkan, membuktikan, atau mendapatkan/menerapkan suatu gejala, konsep atau dugaan, atau membuat suatu prototipe baik software maupun hardware.

5. Tinjauan Pustaka

Usahakan pustaka yang baru, relevan, dan asli, misalnya jurnal ilmiah. Uraikan dengan jelas kajian pustaka yang menimbulkan gagasan dan yang mendasari penelitian yang akan dilakukan. Tinjauan pustaka menguraikan teori, temuan, dan bahan penelitian lain yang diperoleh dari acuan yang akan dijadikan landasan untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian yang akan dijadikan tugas akhir. Uraian dalam tinjauan pustaka ini diarahkan untuk menyusun kerangka pemikiran atau konsep yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian. Kerangka pemikiran ini harus utuh menuju kepada satu tujuan yang tunggal, yaitu memberikan jawab atas pertanyaan-pertayaan yang diajukan dalam perumusan masalah. Tinjauan pustaka mengacu pada daftar pustaka dengan mencantumkan kutipan dengan bentuk […], misal [1,2], dimana 1dan menyatakan nomor urut pustaka dalam daftar pustaka. Lengkapi pula dengan blok diagram kerangka pemikiran secara utuh.

6. Metodologi Penelitian

Uraikan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian secara rinci. Uraian dapat mencakup variabel apa saja dalam penelitian ini, model yang digunakan, rancangan penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data (cara pengukuran dan alat yang digunakan), teknik analisis data, cara penafsiran dan pengumpulan data bila menggunakan metode kualitatif. Perlu juga dijelaskan pendekatan yang digunakan, proses pengujian model/prototipe, proses penafsiran dan penyimpulan hasil penelitian.

7. Relevansi

Uraikan secara singkat tetapi jelas macam-macam gagasan kreatif dari hasil tugas akhir itu untuk dikontribusikan kepada bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, dan/atau kepada pengembangan kelembagaan dan/atau pembangunan. Atau menimbulkan inspirasi untuk mahasiswa lain bagi pengembangan lebih lanjut.

8. Jadwal Kegiatan

Hendaknya dikemukakan jenis-jenis kegiatan yang direncanakan yang beserta jadwal waktunya (mulai dari persiapan, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, sampai dengan menyusun laporan).

9. Daftar Pustaka

Daftar dari pustaka yang dipakai dalam penyusunan proposal tugas akhir ini. Penulisan daftar pustaka disusun urut berdasarkan siapa yang terlebih dahulu dikutip.

Contoh penulisan daftar pustaka:

1. Nama penulis, “Judul Makalah atau Judul Buku”, Nama Jurnal, Nomor/Volume Jurnal, Penerbit, Kota, Tahun penerbitan.
2. Thiang, Anies H., Resmana, “PetraFuz: Sistem Pengembangan Kendali Fuzzy Logic Berbasis Mikrokontroler MCS51”, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pemanfaatan Teknik Kendali dan Instrumentasi pada Pertanian, BPPT, Jakarta, 1998.

New Bluetooth Protocol Saves PC Data To PDAs, Phones

2006-10-15T12:34:00.000+07:00

Transferring Internet content from a PC to your cell phone or PDA is about to get a whole lot easier.

On Thursday, at Ziff Davis' Digital Life consumer electronics trade show in New York, the Bluetooth SIG -- a group that develops and approves various wireless technologies for the specification -- announced the release of a new version of the technology, called "TransSend". According to Michael Foley, executive director of Bluetooth SIG, the free client/server application will allow content such as maps, phone numbers, address cards or other text and image-based data from the web to be transmitted directly to a specific user's phone or PDA with one click.

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Aspek Keamanan Transaksi Dengan Java™ Wallet

2006-10-13T16:42:00.000+07:00

Perkembangan internet untuk keperluan bisnis dengan sistem transaksi digital tidak terhindarkan lagi. Banyak aspek keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan transaksi tersebut. Namun demikian keamanan merupakan hal yang harus dipertimbangkan dengan matang.
Pengembangan teknologi keamanan transaksi elekronik terus dilakukan. Java™ Wallet merupakan salah satu produk yang dikembangkan untuk mendukung sistem keamanan dalam transakasi. Java™ wallet dirancang untuk keperluan traksaksi antar perusahan yang bekerja di sisi client. Tidak seperti biasanya, antara client dan server selalu terhubung selama transakasi.
Sistem keamanan Java™ Wallet merupakan keturunan dari Java™ sehingga mewarisi karakteristik keamanan Java™. Semua komponen yang ada dalam Java™ Wallet tidak dapat dipalsu, disadap, dan tidak merusak sistem yang ada.
Java™ wallet menyimpan semua informasi pengguna yang berhak untuk bertransaksi, sehingga terhindar dari upaya-upaya pencurian informasi transakasi oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak berkepentingan.

Kata kunci: Java™ Wallet, Security, Client, E-Commerce

Referensi:
• Secure Computing with Java: Now and the Future (a whitepaper) http://www.javasoft.com/marketing/collateral/security.html
• Java’s Security architecture http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-1997
• Centre for Electronic Commerce http://www-cec.buseco.monash.edu.au
• Ries, Eric, Java Electronic Commerce Framework, 1997.
• www.visa.com
• www.mastercard.com

• What is the JavaTM Wallet?
• What is the JavaTM Commerce Client?
• What are the JavaTM Commerce APIs?
• What is a Commerce JavaBeansTM Component?
• What is a Cassette?
• What is the Java SmartCard API?
• Will the Java Commerce APIs be part of JDK 1.1?
• How can I get more detailed information?

Add a question to the FAQ

Questions and Answers

What is the Java Wallet?
The Java Wallet is a family of products written in the JavaTM programming language that are designed to enable secure electronic commerce operations. The Java Wallet incorporates the Java Commerce Client, Commerce JavaBeans components, the Gateway Security Model, and Java Commerce Messages to offer users an extensible platform for online commerce.
These products can be used independently of one another. Users might even be unaware that they have a Java Wallet running in their machine when several Commerce JavaBeans components are included in some other application.
Because it is implemented in Java, the Java Wallet will run everywhere Java is available. This includes all popular browsers and the increasing number of operating systems and network computers that incorporate Java.

What is the Java Commerce Client?
The Java Commerce Client (JCC) is Sun Microsystem's client side solution for secure electronic commerce transactions. As an open, extensible platform, the JCC provides functionality that reduces the time and effort developers require to build electronic commerce applications. JCC users are provided with a Wallet-like user interface, a database, and an extensible platform that enables the use of a variety of payment instruments and protocols for a nearly unlimited number of E-commerce operations.
Once the JCC is configured on a client machine, the JCC user can download and install new Instrument, Protocol, and Operation Commerce JavaBeans components developed by third party software providers. The JCC user can also extend the JCC with internal services, like address books, and transaction logs, that are also available as Commerce JavaBeans components. The JCC provides merchants with the ability to create heavily branded user interfaces that can be tied to merchant-specific operations, such as a purchase on a specific merchant site or a transaction with a given bank.
The JCC offers a flexible solution in the rapidly evolving world of electronic commerce on the Internet.

What are the Java Commerce APIs?
The Java Commerce APIs implement basic services within the Java Commerce Client. They provide foundation services that allow developers to easily create new electronic commerce applications, like on-line shopping malls, home banking or electronic brokerage. The classes that form the Java Commerce APIs are designed to enable:
• Rapid Commerce Component Development. The Commerce JavaBeans specification provides for rapid development and deployment of commerce components. Once components are packaged in signed jar files (known as cassettes), they can be made available to end users via download or disk.
• Easy, Secure Downloading and Installation of Cassettes. The Java Commerce API contains support for an installation subsystem that facilitates the download and installation of new commerce components into the Java Wallet.
• Secure Interoperation of Commerce JavaBeans components. Once commerce components are installed and registered, the Java Commerce API enables their secure, constrained interoperation using the Gateway Security Model.
• Secure Storage of Private End-User Information. The Java Commerce APIs contain a database that securely holds personal information, like credit card numbers or transaction histories. The database uses the security functionality built into the Java Developer's Kit to ensure the privacy of this data.
• Rapid Development of Secure Payment Mechanisms. The Java Commerce APIs allow developers to quickly go from payment protocol specifications to working implementations.

What is a Commerce JavaBeansTM Component?
A Commerce JavaBeans component is a reusable commerce component that meets specific interface requirements. Commerce JavaBeans enable developers to easily write commerce components that can extend the functionality of the JCC.
The Commerce JavaBeans model extends the JavaBeans TM model to provide interface typing and support for the Gateway Security Model. Commerce JavaBeans components show some functionality within standard JavaBeans builder tools, but they only manifest full functionality in Commerce JavaBeans-aware environments such as the JCC.
The Commerce JavaBeans API Specification will be published soon.
The following Commerce JavaBeans interfaces are defined for use with the JCC:
• Transacted (Issues events that allow transaction checkpointing and recovery. This interface is extended by both Operation and Protocol interfaces.)
• Operation (Implemented for purchase, ATM transfer, financial planning. . .)
• Protocol (Implemented for post, SET, Mondex. . .)
• Instrument (Implemented for credit card, coupon, voucher, frequent-flyer miles card. . .)
• User interface (Implemented for alternate GUIs designed by Commerce JavaBeans component developers)
• Service (Implemented for address book, cassette management, instrument management. . . )
• Preference (Implemented for user preference configuration)
• Gate (Implementation provides a secure shield around protected APIs)
The Commerce JavaBeans class is derived from java.beans.Beans. Therefore, the Commerce JavaBeans class presents the same functionality as java.beans.Beans but with a slightly broader interface tailored to support Commerce JavaBeans components.
Commerce JavaBeans components are contained in cassettes. When a cassette is downloaded and installed, the JCC can make use of the Commerce JavaBeans component(s) it contains to perform commerce operations. For example, the JCC could use a Purchase Operation Bean in conjunction with a credit card Instrument and an SET Protocol Bean to perform a secure online purchase. The Commerce JavaBeans model is extensible, so developers can create new types of Commerce JavaBeans components as the need for them arises.
What is a Cassette?
A Cassette is package for Commerce JavaBeans components.
A Cassette is a JAR (Java archive) file that:
• Contains resources (one or more Commerce JavaBeans components, shared interfaces, graphics, etc.)
• Is digitally signed with one or more Roles. Each role provides specific capabilities to the contents of a cassette.
• Contains information about the contents of the JAR file which enables the JCC to download, install, and register Commerce JavaBeans components.
What is the Java Smart Card API?
The javax.smartcard package provides an API that enables communication between portable Java applications and smart cards, independent of hardware devices. The Java Smart Card layer makes the card reader and port transparent to the Java application communicating with the smart card, providing a direct channel between application and smart card. The Java application only requires intimate knowledge of the smart card itself, for example, what kinds of APDUs the card understands. The implementation of javax.smartcard included with the Java Wallet is preliminary and should be considered a prototype.
For more information on the Java Smart Card API, visit the Java Wallet Smart Card API Page.

Will the Java Commerce APIs Be Part of JDKTM?
The Java Commerce APIs are delivered separately from JDK. The Java Commerce APIs constitute a standard extension to the JDK.

Keamanan Wireless LAN

2006-10-12T10:07:00.000+07:00

A. PENDAHULUAN

Berbagai jenis teknologi jaringan yang menggunakan wireless telah atau akan segera mengangkat pasar bisnis meskipun demikian, wireless lokal area network (LAN) melalui standard 802.11x diperkirakan menjadi standard yang umum dipakai di perusahaan-perusahaan. Produk 802.11b yang beroperasi pada 2,4 Ghz dapat mengirimkan paket sebesar 11 Mbps sebanding dengan performance dari standard ethernet yang menggunakan koneksi kabel. Versi 802.11a beroperasi pada frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dan menjanjikan kecepatan yang lebih cepat secara signifikan. Produk versi 802.11b mempunyai biaya yang lebih kecil dan performance yang lebih kuat. Versi ini banyak dipakai dibanyak departemen atau di kantor-kantor di Amerika dan personal atau di rumah-rumah, sekalipun staff IT dan para administrator management keamanan belum mengenal wireless LAN sebagai suatu pendekatan teknologi.

Paper ini memusatkan pada masalah keamanan melalui standard wireless LAN yang saat ini dipakai.

· Wireless LAN sebagai pengendali bisnis

Penggunaan Wireless LAN mempunyai faktor keunggulan yaitu selalu menyediakan sambungan jaringan tanpa harus memakai kabel. 50 % dari 1000 perusahaan di Amerika menggunakan teknologi ini yang didasari oleh perkembangan teknologi dari standard 802.11x.

Akan tetapi system jaringan ini hampir kurang memadai dan kurang perhatian terhadap keamanan informasi. Keamanan dari system jaringan ini sangat menentukan suksesnya suatu kinerja bisnis dan merupakan faktor penting dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan.

· Keamanan Wireless LAN di Perusahaan

Peralatan dari standard 802.11b mempunyai biaya yang rendah hal ini membuat teknologi tersebut begitu atraktive dan membuat para penyerang (attacker) mudah untuk melakukan serangan. Tetapi dengan manajemen yang baik dan setting yang bagus serta didukung oleh peralatan dan perlengkapan yang mendukung yang dimiliki perusahaan hal tersebut dapat diatasi. Pembahasan mengenai hal ini akan dibahas pada bab selanjutnya.

B. MENGENAL RESIKO SERANGAN YANG DIHADAPI

Resiko serangan yang mungkin akan terjadi pada standard 802.11b dapat dikatagorikan kedalam tujuh jenis serangan :

· “Insertion Attack”

Insertion Attack didasari oleh adanya device-device yang bekerja tidak sesuai dengan prosedur baku (unauthorized devices) atau menciptakan jaringan wireless baru tanpa melalui proses pengamanan.

Pada jenis serangan ini, seorang penyerang mencoba melakukan koneksi kedalam jaringan wireless seorang klien menggunakan laptop atau PDA, dan melakukan akses point tanpa authorisasi sebelumnya kemudian akses point dapat dirubah untuk meminta sebuah password untuk seorang klien yang mengakses, jika tidak terdapat password, orang tersebut (penyerang) berusaha masuk dan dapat melakukan koneksi kedalam jaringan internal dengan mudah.

Meskipun beberapa akses point menggunakan password yang sama untuk semua akses klien, sebaiknya semua pengguna memakai password baru setiap kali melakukan akses point.

Suatu perusahaan mungkin tidak selalu berhati-hati bahwa ada saja pegawai internal yang ada di dalam perusahaan secara tidak sadar telah menyebarkan kapabilitas dari wireless ke dalam jaringan, dalam hal ini perusahaan memerlukan suatu kebijaksanaan untuk memastikan konfigurasi pengamanan akses point.

· Interception dan Monitoring Traffic Wireless

Sebagai jaringan tanpa kabel, ada kemungkinan terjadi pemotongan jalur wireless, penyerang harus berada dalam suatu jangkauan jarak akses sekitar 300 kaki untuk type 802.11b. Supaya serangan bisa berjalan, penyerang bisa berada dimana saja, dimana terdapat kemungkinan koneksi jaringan bisa masuk. Keuntungan pemotongan jalur wireless ini adalah serangan tersebut hanya memerlukan penempatan dari suatu agen yang berfungsi memantau system yang mencurigakan. Semua itu memerlukan akses ke dalam aliran data di dalam jaringan.

Ada dua pertimbangan penting untuk tetap bekerja pada radius atau jarak pada type 802.11b.

Pertama, posisi antena didesign secara langsung, yang dapat meneruskan signal transmisi atau jarak penangkapan signal dari divice 802.11b. Oleh karena itu jangkauan maksimum 300 kaki adalah suatu design instalasi normal untuk type ini.

Kedua, design pola lingkaran, pada pola ini signal dari 802.11b hampir selalu meneruskan signal di belakang batas area hal ini dimaksudkan untu meng-cover signal tersebut.

Wireless packet analysis, seorang penyerang melakukan capture terhadap jalur wireless menggunakan teknik yang sama dengan seorang user yang tidak diundang atau pekerja yang ceroboh di dalam jaringan kabel. Banyak cara untuk melakukan capture, bagian pertama, dimana data yang secara typical akan menyertakan user name dan password seorang yang memaksa masuk dan melakukan penyamaran sebagai seorang user legal, dengan menggunakan informasi dari hasil capture ini digunakan untuk melakukan pembajakan user session command yang tidak sesuai dengan prosedure resmi yang ada.

· Jamming

“Denial of Service Attack/ DOS Attack” mudah untuk diterapkan ke dalam jaringan wireless. Dimana Jalur tidak dapat menjangkau klien atau akses point sebab jalur yang tidak resmi “membanjiri” frekuensi akses tersebut. Seorang penyerang dengan peralatan dan perlengkapan yang memadai dapat dengan mudah “membanjiri” dengan frekuensi 2.4 Ghz, membuat signal menjadi rusak sampai jaringan wireless berhenti berfungsi. Dalam hal lain kawat telepon, monitor mini dan device lain yang beroperasi dengan frekuensi 2.4 Ghz dapat merusak jaringan wireless tersebut dengan menggunakan frekuensi ini. DOS attack ini dapat berasal dari luar area kerja wireless

· Client-to-Client Attack

Dua klien wireless dapat saling berkomunikasi satu sama lain dengan melakukan akses point terlebih dahulu. Oleh karena itu user perlu untuk melakukan perlindungan terhadap klien tidak hanya sekedar melawan suatu ancaman eksternal tetapi juga melawan satu sama lain.

a. File Sharing dan Serangan melalui layanan TCP/IP

Layanan wireless klien yang berjalan menggunakan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh TCP/IP seperti web server , atau file sharing terbuka untuk pemakaian yang sama dari kesalahan konfigurasi setiap user di dalam suatu jaringan yang menggunakan kabel.

b. DOS (Denial of Service)

Suatu device wireless yang “membanjiri” klien wireless lain dengan menggunakan paket palsu, menciptakan suatu DOS attack, IP atau MAC palsu, secara sengaja atau tidak dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kepada jaringan.

· Serangan “Brute Force Attack” terhadap Password seorang user

Sebagian besar akses point menggunakan suatu kunci tunggal atau password yang dimiliki oleh klien pada jaringan wireless. Serangan Brute Force ini mencoba melakukan uji coba terhadap kunci akses tersebut dengan memasukan beberapa kemungkinan.

· Serangan terhadap Enkripsi

Standard 802.11b menggunakan sebuah system enkripsi yaitu WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy) tetapi system ini belum terdaftar sebelum tahun 2002. Tidak banyak peralatan siap tersedia untuk mangangkat masalah ini, tetapi perlu diingat bahwa para penyerang selalu dapat merancang alat yang dapat mengimbangi system keamanan yang baru.

· Kesalahan Konfigurasi

Banyak akses point bekerja dalam suatu konfigurasi yang tidak aman kecuali para administrator yang mengerti resiko penggunaan keamanan wireless dan konfigurasi masing-masing unit sebelum di gunakan. Akses point ini akan tetap berjalan pada resiko yang tinggi untuk diserang atau ada yang menyalahgunakan.

Bagian berikut ini menguji tiga akses point yang bisa dikatakan terbaru yaitu dari CISCO, Lucent dan 3Com. Meskipun masing-masing vendor mempunyai implementasi sendiri sendiri dalam menerapkan 802.11b. Menanggapi hal tersebut seharusnya para vendor mengembangkan produknya menjadi lebih aplikatif.

a. Server Set ID (SSID)

SSID adalah suatu identifikasi terhadap konfigurasi yang memungkinkan klien berkomunikasi dengan akses point yang tepat dan benar menggunakan konfigurasi tertentu. Hanya klien yang menggunakan SSID yang benar dapat melakukan komunikasi. SSID bekerja sebagai suatu “single shared password” antara akses point dengan klien. Akses point berjalan dengan default SSID jika tidak dirubah, unit ini sangat mudah untuk diterapkan, berikut ini 3 default password umum SSID :

“ Tsunami ”
CISCO Aironet 340 series 11 MBPs DSSS Wireless LAN Akses Point
CISCO Aironet 340 series 11 MBPs DSSS PCI Card dengan enkripsi 128 bit

“ 101 “
3Com AirConnect 11 MBPs Wireless LAN Akses Point
3Com AirConnect 11 MBPs Wireless PCI Card

“ Roam About Default Network Name “
Avaya Orinoco As-2000 Akses Server (Lucent / Cabletron )
Avaya Orinoco PC Gold Card (Lucent / Cabletron )

SSID di udara berupa teks yang bersih jika WEPnya disable membuat SSIDnya dapat di-capture melalui monitoring jalur jaringan. Lucent akses point dapat beroperasi di dalam akses mode aman. Pilihan ini memerlukan SSID baik klien atau akses point agar sesuai dan default sekuritinya harus dalam keadaan mati (turn-off).

Di dalam akses mode “non-aman”, klien dapat terhubung ke akses point menggunakan konfigurasi SSID, SSID kosong atau konfigurasi SSIS dalam kondisi “any”

b. “ Wire Equivalent Privacy (WEP) – WEP dapat dikonfigurasi sebagai berikut :

- no enkription
- 40 bit enkripsi
- 128 bit enkripsi

tiga akses point tersebut di atas mempunyai WEP-turn off, meskipun kekuatan 2 kunci enkripsi (40 bit dan 128 bit) merupakan hal yang pokok namun enkripsi menggunakan 128 bit lebih efektif jika dibandingkan dengan 40 bit

c. SNMP Community Password - Banyak akses point dalam wireless berjalan di atas SNMP agen. Jika pengelompokan kata (community word) tidak dilakukan dengan konfigurasi yang benar, seorang penyerang dapat membaca dan bahkan dapat membuat data baru yang sangat sensitif ke dalam akses point. Jika SNMP agen diterapkan di dalam wireless seorang klien maka resiko yang sama berlaku juga terhadap mereka.

d. Configurasi Interface - Masing-masing model akses point mempunyai interface sendiri untuk ditampilkan dan dimodifikasi dari konfigurasinya, berikut adalah interface yang sekarang dipakai, ada 3 pilihan :

- CISCO - SNMP , serial , Web, telnet
- 3Com – SNMP, serial, Web, telnet
- Lucent / Cabletron, SNMP , serrial (no Web/ telnet)

3Com telah mengurangi kontrol akses terhadap web interface untuk mengontrol konfigurasi. Seorang penyerang yang terletak di dalam area 3Com web interface dapat secara mudah mendapatkan SSID dari “system properties” yang ada di dalam menu display. 3Com meminta sebuah password di dalam web interface untuk melakukan tugas input data, oleh karena itu 3Com akses point beresiko jika digunakan menggunakan default “Comcomcom”

e. Resiko keamanan dari sisi klien - Klien terhubung ke sebuah

akses point yang menyimpan informasi yang sensitif untuk dicocokan dan disampaikan. Informasi ini dapat diatur jika klien tidak melakukan konfigurasi dengan benar. Software Cisco u/ klien menyimpan SSID didalam registrynya window dan kunci WEP di dalam “firmware” dimana hal ini lebih sulit. Software Lucent/Cabletron untuk klien sama menyimpan SSID di dalam registry window. WEP nya disimpan di dalam sebuah registry window tetapi di enkripsi terlebih dahulu menggunakan sebuah algoritma yang tidak terdokumentasikan. Software 3Com untuk klien juga menyimpan SSID di dalam registry window, kunci WEP disimpan di dalam registry window dengan tidak menggunakan enkripsi.

e. Instalasi - secara default, semua akses point dioptimasikan untuk

membantu membuat sebuah jaringan yang berguna secepat dan semudah mungkin wal hasil konfigurasi defaultnya dapat meminimise faktor keamanan

C. MANAJEMEN KEAMANAN INFORMASI WIRELESS

Proses dan Aplikasi teknologi kadang-kadang membuat bingung para user, tetapi dengan melakukan manajemen atau pengaturan dari keamanan informasi wireless hal tersebut tidak pernah terjadi. Dalam kenyataannya proses-proses bisnis membentuk manajemen mengatasi resiko yang kuat untuk sejumlah aset fisik dan peralatan jaringan yang juga bekerja untuk melindungi sumber-sumber wireless. Pedoman efektifitas cost memudahkan suatu organisasi membentuk perlindungan keamanan yang tepat yang merupakan bagian dari strategi wireless secara keseluruhan. Point-point berikut memperkenalkan pendekatan-pendekatan yang bisa dilakukan :

· Kebijakan Keamanan Wireless dan Design Arsitektur

Kebijakan dalam hal keamanan, langkah yang harus ditempuh dan pelatihan yang bagus harus mengikutsertakan jaringan wireless sebagai bagian dari seluruh managemen perancangan system keamanan.

· Treat Access Point

Sebagai suatu “untrusted”, akses point perlu untuk diidentifikasi dan dievaluasi, jika hal tersebut dianggap perlu untuk di lakukan semacam karantina sebagai “untrusted device” sebelum klien wireless dapat menambah akses ke jaringan. Penentuan ini berarti penempatan suatu firewall dilakukan secara tepat dan benar. Melalui Virtual Jaringan Private (VJP) system dapat mendeteksi gangguan dan melakukan pengenalan antara akses point dan intranet atau internet.

· Kebijakan dari Konfigurasi Access Point

Administrator memerlukan standard setting keamanan untuk setiap akses point 802.11b sebelum digunakan. Pedoman ini seharusnya mengcover SSID, kunci WEP dan enkripsi, serta “community word”nya SNMP.

· Penemuan Access Point

Administrator harus secara rutin mencari tahu ke jaringan kabel untuk mengidentifikasikan akses point yang tidak diketahui. Beberapa metoda dari pengenalan device 802.11b sudah ada, termasuk pendeteksian melalui banner string di dalam akses point dengan web atau telnet interface. Jaringan wireless dapat mengenali akses point yang tidak benar dengan menggunakan setting monitoring frekuensi sebesar 2.4 Ghz, yang melakukan pencarian paket 802.11b di udara, paket yang dimaksud mungkin berupa alamat IP.

· Penilaian Keamanan Access Point

Pengecekan faktor keamanan dan penafsiran penetrasi secara tepat mengidentifikasi konfigurasi akses point, default atau secara mudah menebak password dan persamaan kata, serta enkripsi. Router ACLs dan firewall juga membantu meminimalkan akses ke dalam suatu agen dan interface lain.

· Perlindungan Client Wireless

Klien wireless perlu melakukan pengujian untuk masalah keamanan yang mempunyai hasil yang baik dan diinginkan, prosedure ini harus mengikutsertakan beberapa atau point berikut ini :

a. Distribusi personal firewall untuk mengunci akses klien
b. VPNs untuk penambahan enkripsi dan pengenalan apa yang bisa disediakan oleh 802.11b.
c. Pendeteksian gangguan dan respon untuk mengidentifikasikan dan meminimalkan serangan yang terjadi dari orang yang memaksa masuk, virus, trojan, dan “backdoors”.

· Managemen Service Keamanan untuk Wireless

Managemen Service Keamanan (MSK) membantu suatu organisasi membangun system keamanan yang efektif tanpa ada biaya yang terus menerus, MSK menyediakan layanan untuk menghandle tafsiran, design, penyebaran, management dan dukungan terhadap bidang informasi system keamanan.

D. SOLUSI SYSTEM KEAMANAN INTERNET MENGGUNAKAN WIRELESS LAN

Produk dari system dan pelayanan manajemen internet menyediakan solusi manajemen keamanan yang baik untuk wireless LAN. Hal tersebut dikembangkan pada cakupan point-point berikut :

· Keamanan dari Produk Software

Produk system keamanan internet siap melindungi ruang lingkup jaringan wireless LAN terhadap resiko yang dihadapi. ISS (Internet Security System) dengan produknya Internet Scanner menyelidiki jaringan untuk mendeteksi konfigurasi wireless yang ilegal atau tidak benar pada saat akses point dilakukan. Produk lainnya yaitu Real Secure digunakan untuk mendeteksi gangguan dan respon dari system yang dijalankan antara akses point wireless dan jaringan kantor dan mengenal serta bereaksi terhadap serangan dan penyalahgunaan Wireless LAN secara Langsung. ISS “World-renowned X-force ” meneliti dan membangun tim secara menerus dan melakukan update terhadap produk tersebut.

· Manajemen Service Keamanan

“Internet Security System (ISS) “ berfungsi mengatur layanan keamanan, di dalam suatu jangkauan jaringan tertentu. Sebagai alat perlindungan baru untuk wireless LAN, alat tersebut kemudian ditambahkan ke dalam produk system keamanan ISS, hal tersebut akan membawa suatu kemampuan tambahan kepada konsumen.

· Konsultasi dalam hal Perancangan System Keamanan

ISS juga membicarakan pengetahuan masalah keamanan secara mendalam yang dilakukan oleh para pemerhati bidang terkait , dan membuktikan suatu methodologi yang membantu penafsiran organisasi, integrasi, design, dan konfigurasi wireless LAN serta memenuhi infrastruktur keamanan.

· Progam pendidikan system keamanan Wireless LAN

Organisasi layanan pendidikan telah membangun suatu kandungan system keamanan wireless LAN dan telah membuat teknik-teknik pertahanan yang kuat untuk meminimalkan resiko yang bakal dihadapi.

· Product Update

ISS x-force meneliti dan membangun secara kontinue produk-produk baru yang bisa memberikan perlindungan baru menghadapi resiko.

Referensi

1. Colubris Network Inc, “ Bulding Secure Wireless Local Area Network”
http://www.colubris.com

2. David M. Ewalt, “Business Innovation Powered by Technology”

3. Elisabeth Goodridge and Diana Rezendes Khirallah, “Business Innovation Powered by Technology”

4. Microsoft Corporation,” Microsoft Galvanizes Industry Effort for Secure Wireless and Wired LAN”, Anchim, Calif, March 26, 2001
http://www.microsoft.com/presspass

5. Rob Flickenger, “ Getting Started with Lucent’s 802.11b Wireless LAN Card ”, March 11, 2000
Http://www.oreillynet.com

Pengelolaan Hak Akses Pada Sistem Keamanan Berbasis Role (Role-Based)

2006-10-09T16:14:00.000+07:00

Proteksi role-based merupakan mekanisme pengelolaan sejumlah besar hak akses pada basis data berukuran besar yang fleksibel. Hak akses merupakan unit terkecil untuk mengakses informasi pada sistem. Role merupakan kumpulan hak akses. Otorisasi pengguna menentukan aturan role berdasarkan hak akses yang ditetapkan.

Kelebihan dari proteksi role-based adalah kemudahan untuk mengelola hak akses karena mudah untuk mengkonfigurasi dan merekonfigurasi role. Keamanan sistem dibentuk ketika proses konfigurasi role yang mengacu pada prinsip hak akses terkecil (least privilege) dapat memfasilitasi kebutuhan tugas pengguna.

Pada organisasi dengan kebutuhan tugas yang tersebar dalam jumlah besar, sejumlah role dapat membentuk role baru yang memenuhi kebutuhan tugas pengguna. Beberapa role dapat mempunyai fungsi yang sama dan hak akses yang sama. Kebutuhan formalitas untuk mengetahui penyebaran dan pengelolaan hak akses merupakan kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk menentukan sistem keamanan yang sesuai. Sehingga dibutuhkan ekspresi hubungan antar role secara formal, dan dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai penyebaran hak akses pada system secara jelas dan terintegrasi.

Makalah ini akan membahas hubungan dasar yang dibutuhkan antar role pada organisasi dan aplikasi pemodelan organisasi role. Dengan menggunakan hubungan dasar tersebut sebagai acuan, maka dibentuk model organisasi role. Namun terdapat kemungkinan pada sekumpulan hak akses, 2 role saling overlap, overlap sebagian, atau mempunyai superset yang sama. Hubungan tersebut sesuai dengan konsep hak akses minimum dan maksimum pada model graph role.

Kata Kunci: Role, proteksi role-based, graph

Building Secure Messaging Service System

2006-10-08T12:09:00.000+07:00

Messaging adalah suatu metoda komunikasi diantara komponen-komponen software atau aplikasi-aplikasi. Berbeda dengan electronic mail (e-mail) yang merupakan metoda komunikasi antara orang atau antara software aplikasi dan orang. Sebuah messaging system merupakan fasilitas peer-to-peer; sebuah messaging client dapat mengirim message ke client lain dan dapat juga menerima message dari client yang lain. Masing-masing client dikoneksikan ke sebuah messaging agent yang memberikan fasilitas untuk membuat, mengirimkan, menerima dan membaca message.

Enterprise messaging, yang diketahui juga sebagai Message-oriented Middleware (MoM) adalah merupakan kunci teknologi dari infrastruktur sistem komputasi terdistribusi. Enterprise messaging system memberikan pelayanan yang luwes dan andal untuk mengirim data memberitahukan setiap kejadian (even ) yang terjadi diantara komponen-komponen sistem.

Java Messaging Service (JSM) secara de facto telah menjadi standar industri untuk enterprise messaging. JMS memberikan suatu API yang umum dan framework yang membuka pengembangan aplikasi-aplikasi messaging yang portable dalam bahasa pemrograman java. JMS API mendukung model-model pemrograman messaging yang umum pada saat ini.

Analisa Sekuriti dari Algoritma Wired Equivalent Privacy

2006-09-03T12:30:00.000+07:00

Ledakan pertumbuhan di jaringan wireless (nirkabel) pada akhir-akhir belakangan ini berlangsung dengan cepat seiring dengan pertumbuhan gejolak Internet. Selama permulaan komersialisasi internet, organisasi-organisasi dan orang-orang yang saling membangun hubungan tidak memfokuskan pada permasalahan keamanan dari sistem maupun jaringan mereka. Sehingga selanjutnya harus dilakukan eksplorasi penelitian dalam keamanan yang handal untuk menjaga resources dan data-data bersifat privat dari pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Selama ini untuk menjaga resources dan data-data bersifat privat ini, organisasi-organisasi selalu menghandalkan Internet firewall.

Kita yakin bahwa saluran titik-titik akses jaringan nirkabel menyajikan permasalahan keamanan yang besar dibandingkan dengan koneksi internet terkini. Banyak sudah organisasi, khususnya vendor, percaya bahwa sekuriti (keamanan) sangat dibutuhkan untuk melengkapi eksplorasi titik-titik akses wireless dan sudah mencukupi untuk menghadapi pengunaan pihak-pihak ilegal maupun unauthorized access. Namun sangat disayangkan pasti akan ada saja yang dapat mengalahkan yang benar. Diperlukannya sebuah mekanisme atau algoritma baru untuk menunjang sekuritas dari akses jaringan nirkabel ini untuk memberikan rasa aman bagi pengguna dan pemakai maupun vendor wireless network.

Salah satu antisipasi dalam menghadapi serangan terhadap jaringan nirkabel ini adalah dengan melapisinya dengan algoritma enkripsi yang handal, salah satunya dengan menggunakan sebuah keystream generator, yaitu RC4, yang dianalisis dengan model pendekatan linier. Algoritma RC4 yang digunakan dalam enkripsi pada titik-titik akses jaringan nirkabel ini disebut dengan protokol sekuriti Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Algorithm.

Membangun Sistem Keamanan Jaringan Dengan De Militarised Zone (DMZ)

2006-08-11T12:38:00.000+07:00

DMZ adalah suatu “sacrificial lamb” bagi hackers yang digunakan untuk melindungi system internal yang berhubungan dengan serangan hack (hack attack). DMZ bekerja pada seluruh dasar pelayanan jaringan yang membutuhkan akses terhadap jaringan “dunia luar” ke bagian jaringan yang lainnya. Dengan begitu, seluruh “open port” yang berhubungan dengan dunia luar akan berada pada jaringan, sehingga jika seorang hacker melakukan serangan dan melakukan crack pada server yang menggunakan sistem DMZ, hacker tersebut hanya akan dapat mengakses hostnya saja, tidak pada jaringan internal.

Secara umum DMZ dibangun berdasarkan tiga buah konsep, yaitu : NAT (Network Address Translation), PAT (Port Addressable Translation), dan Access List. NAT berfungsi untuk menunjukkan kembali paket-paket yang datang dari “real address” ke alamat internal. Misal : jika kita memiliki “real address” 203.8.90.100, kita dapat membentuk suatu NAT langsung secara otomatis pada data-data yang datang ke 192.168.100.1 (sebuah alamat jaringan internal). Kemudian PAT berfungsi untuk menunjukan data yang datang pada particular port, atau range sebuah port dan protocol (TCP/UDP atau lainnya) dan alamat IP ke sebuah particular port atau range sebuah port ke sebuah alamat internal IP. Sedangkan access list berfungsi untuk mengontrol secara tepat apa yang datang dan keluar dari jaringan dalam suatu pertanyaan. Misal : kita dapat menolak atau memperbolehkan semua ICMP yang datang ke seluruh alamat IP kecuali untuk sebuah ICMP yang tidak diinginkan.

Makalah ini akan membahas, tahapan membangun sebuah sistem keamanan jaringan dalam suatu kasus yang melalui berbagai tahap perancangan :

1. Tahap 1 : New IP Scope & removal of web services

2. Tahap 2 : Acquisition of new hardware dengan aturan :

- tidak menginstall produk Microsoft

- tidak menginstall Linux pada sebuah DMZ

3. Tahap 3 : Implementation of the ADSL Line and PIX firewall

4. Tahap 4 : Installation and Configuration of the DMZ hosts

5. Tahap 5 : Configure chaining/pass through (a proxy, by any other name)

6. Tahap 6 : Alarm bells and tripwires, dengan 3 buah metode utama :

- syslog logging

- tripwire instruction detection process

- cron jobs

7. Tahap 7 : Switch it on

Kata Kunci : NAT, real address, PAT, Access List, Port, Protokol, DMZ, ICMP

Memprotek File Suara Dengan Verfikasi Suara 2 Orang Juri Secara Simultan

2006-07-28T09:12:00.000+07:00

Sinyal suara yang kita berikan pada sebuah web / homepage misalnya sebuah web PON mencatat score pertandingan dan janis pertndingan serta juri dan juri penggantinya. Pada suatu pertandingan kita tampilkan foto juri dan juri penggantinya lalu kita verifikasi suara juri ini termasuk juri pengganti dan kita buat link-link menuju file suara sebelum ke file suara kita beri demodulasi dan enkripsi pada file suara, Demodulasi diberikan karena disisi depan kita beri frrekuensi tambahan suara sehingga file suara berubah bentuk dan enkripsi untuk membuka kunci yang diberi pada file suara agar suara dapat di jalankan. Enkripsi berupa waktu preemptive dari ucapan seorang juri dan juri penggantinya.

File suara yang dienkripsi dengan waktu preemtive adalah ucapan bilangan yang merupakan score setiap pertandingan dengan juri dan juri pengganti tertentu.

Bila seorang juri A yang mengeluarkan bilangan terus bilangan selanjutnya tidak dapat ia lakukan maka juri pengganti harus melanjutkan bilangan / score kejadian score ini harus diverifikasi memang ia sebagai seorang juri pengganti pada pertandingan tersebut.

Keuntungan

Pertandingan dapat diikuti secara online perubahan score-scorenya dengan juri dan juri pengganti yang benar bila ingin verifikasi lebih jauh kita bila menggunakan kedua suara juri secara simultan. Juri A ucapan angka satu juri pengganti angka dua dan seterusnya.

1. Keamanan Informasi pada suara yang menjadi file.

Mereplay suara orang dengan suatu data tidak bisa bila kita sudah merubahnya kedalam file extention wav. Bila suara saya diinkripsi dengan suatu gelombang tertentu / acak dari sisi penerima / pemakai / pereplay suara tidak bisa merelay lagi kecuali frekuensi acak di beri tahu atau digenerate dari suatu program. Lalu blok kedua dengan Pelepasan komponen prefix dan sufix Hidden Markov Model (HMM ).

Sound Berasal dari sumber suara
Wav sound/ suara yang sudah menjadi file
Modulasi sound + sinyal acak
File : suara + sinyal acak disisi pengguna
Demodulasi sound – sinyal acak
HMM : Hidden Markov Model
Infix / Sufix : sisipan kata
Prefix : kata depan

Ucapan dua orang juri dalam suatu pertandingan besar mengenali dengan suatu tool adalah menguntungkan :

Dapat melacak urutab angka yang dialami oleh kedua pemain.
Dapat menjaga sistem alat misalnya Scoring Board memverifikasi suara kedua orang juri yang dalam hal ini berhak melakukan pengucapan dalam suatu pertandingan.

Methode:
1. Text Dependence
- HMM (Hidden Marcov Model)
2 Proses Speech terdiri dari :
- LPC (Linear Predictive Coding
- Least Squares Autocorelation Method
- Pole-Zero LPC Model
- Linear Delta Modulation (LDM)

2. Modulasi dan Demodulasi

Referensi
1. Speech Communication Human and Machine
by Douglas O’ Shaughnessy
2. Speech Recognition
by Claudio Becchetti and Lucio Prina Ricotti

Search For Baby Names And Meanings

2006-07-18T12:18:00.000+07:00

One of the first challenges that new parents face is choosing a name for their new baby. This may sound like no-brainer and something low on the list of priorities, when faced with the seemingly daunting world of parenthood. Even so, choosing baby names can be very time-consuming, frustrating and even a source of consternation for new parents.

There are so many things to consider when selecting the perfect name for your child. Many parents don't have a clue about where to begin and feel completely overwhelmed. The best place to start is with a list. Both parents should take a few minutes and jot down the first ten baby names that come to mind that they would deem suitable for the new baby. It's not as difficult as it sounds - it's actually surprising, how many unique and quality names have been stored in your memory, just as you go through your every day life. Make sure that you list names for both boys and girls, unless you already know the sex of your baby.

Once the lists are complete, both parents should sit down and eliminate any names that either parent objects to. Even if only a couple of names remain between the two lists, this is a good start.

The next step, after this brainstorming session, is to define some agreed upon parameters for your baby names. Think about and discuss your preferences for cultural backgrounds, family names and number of syllables. You can also narrow it down to include only names starting with specific letters. Make sure that you keep plenty of paper handy and be aware when you are out and about. Listen for potential names when you're in the grocery store, listening to the radio and walking through a park. You'll be surprised at how tuned in you become.

Make sure to use the Internet when hunting for baby names. So much of the work is already done for you. Using any search engine, type in the phrase 'baby names' and a huge amount of websites will appear, handling all facets of the subject. You can narrow down your search any way you wish. There are even forums where you can browse other people's name ideas and post your own to get unbiased feedback as you work through your choices.

As you start to narrow down your list, pay special attention to the potential for teasing. Think of any negative words that may rhyme with or sound like the names you are considering. Also, look out for undesirable letter combinations formed by the initials of any baby names that have made it on your list.

Try writing out the names that you come up with and make sure to say them out loud, to ensure that they roll of the tongue with ease. Again, be aware of any similarities to negative words or phrases that may be formed by certain name combinations.

It is also a good idea, to ask friends and family for their thoughts and ideas. But beware! Your parents are from another generation and they may be stuck in a rut when it comes to good baby name choices. Too, siblings can be very opinionated and may try to take over the naming process. Just remember, that getting opinions on your baby names can be helpful, but at the end of the day, what you name your baby is up to you and your partner. You have the final say! If certain people have an aversion to a name that is high on your list, stick to your guns! Once people get to know your baby and form an affectionate bond, you will find that they quickly forget any negative connotation they may have had with the name, and come to love the baby, name and all!!

So remember, choosing a name for your baby is a big job, but it can be a lot of fun and it's a good way to get your mind off the aches and pains that come with pregnancy. Going over baby names is something you can do with your partner, and it allows them to play an active role in the baby's life even before the actual birth. So rather than waiting to the last minute, take the time to go through the process, and you'll be sure to select a name that is perfect for your baby and lasts a lifetime!

Add and Embed Google Universal Gadgets Modules to Websites and Blogs

2006-06-28T11:16:00.000+07:00

Google has released Google Universal Gadgets, which also known as Google Modules, Google Widgets or Homepage Contents to the general public for use on personal websites and blogs. Google Gadgets are mini applications, sometimes called applets or widgets that perform specific tasks or provide information or as a games. Previously, most of the applets have been restricted for usage on the desktop (Desktop Gadget), Google Desktop, Google Pages, and Google Personalized Homepage (Universal Gadget). Elsewhere at Yahoo! and Microsoft, the gadgets or widgets are also only available for desktop or specific Yahoo! or Microsoft related customized pages.

Google now has a gallery of more than 1220 Google Universal Gadgets, which contains minimal code that function as dynamic applications when installed on a website or blog, with a variety of abilities. Among the functionalities of the gadgets include check weather, get news headlines, play games, miniature look-up for Google Maps or Google Calendar, search tool for Wikipedia or Dictionary.com, download smileys, translate with Babelfish and etc.

To embed or add Google Gadgets to your website or blog, search for the gadgets you want at Google Homepage Content Directory. Then click on “Add to your webpage”, and customize gadget’s width, height, border, title and other related options. When done, click on Get Code to locate the HTML source script to insert into your blog or website.

Florida

2006-05-14T08:06:00.000+07:00

Florida is a U.S. state located in the southeastern United States. Most of the state is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico on its west and the Atlantic Ocean on its east. It has a warm and humid subtropical climate. It was named by Juan Ponce de León, who landed on the coast on April 2, 1513, during Pascua Florida. Florida is Spanish for "Flowery Easter," referring to the Easter season. Florida's economy relies heavily on tourism.

Geography

Florida is situated mostly on a large peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. It extends to the northwest into a panhandle, extending along the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is bordered on the north by the states of Georgia and Alabama, and on the west, at the end of the panhandle, by Alabama. It is near the countries of the Caribbean, particularly the Bahamas and Cuba.

At 345 feet (105 m) above mean sea level, Britton Hill is the highest point in Florida and the lowest highpoint of any U.S. state. Contrary to popular belief, however, Florida is not entirely "flat." Some places, such as Clearwater, feature vistas that rise 50 to 100 feet (15–30 m) above the water. Much of the interior of Florida, typically 25 miles (40 km) or more away from the coastline, features rolling hills with elevations ranging from 100 to 250 feet (30–76 m) in many locations. Lake County holds the highest point of peninsular Florida, Sugarloaf Mountain, at 312 feet (95 m).

Areas under control by the National Park Service include:

Big Cypress National Preserve, near Lake Okeechobee
Biscayne National Park, near Key Biscayne
Canaveral National Seashore, near Titusville
Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, in St. Augustine
De Soto National Memorial, in Bradenton
Dry Tortugas National Park, at Key West
Everglades National Park
Fort Caroline National Memorial, at Jacksonville
Fort Matanzas National Monument, in St. Augustine
Gulf Islands National Seashore, near Gulf Breeze
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, in Jacksonville

Boundaries

The state line begins in the Atlantic Ocean, traveling west, south, and north up the thalweg of the Saint Mary's River. At the origin of that river, it then follows a straight line nearly due west and slightly north, to the point where the confluence of the Flint River (from Georgia) and the Chattahoochee River (down the Alabama/Georgia line) used to form Florida's Apalachicola River. (Since Woodruff Dam was built, this point has been under Lake Seminole.) The border with Georgia continues north through the lake for a short distance up the former thalweg of the Chattahoochee, then with Alabama runs due west along latitude 31°N to the Perdido River, then south along its thalweg to the Gulf via Perdido Bay.

Microsoft Money Premium 2007 Reviews

2006-04-24T02:19:00.000+07:00

Microsoft Money 2007 is a personal finance software for Windows based computers. Microsoft Money competes with Quicken for market of personal desktop finance software and small business management. Microsoft Money 2007 has four editions: Essentials, Deluxe, Premium and Home & Business. Some editions has include functionality for managing business in addition of personal finances which has the ability to manage business taxes, inventory tracking and online payroll for small business and company. Other features include managing personal credit, debt, investment and taxes. Microsoft Money Premium 2007 has all the features except tools for small business.

ABC News reviews Microsoft Money 2007 Premium edition and concludes that “if you’re a current Money Premium user, I see no reason for you to upgrade unless you haven’t done so for a few years. Consumers new to personal finance software won’t go wrong by starting out with Money Premium, though, as it’s one of the most mature desktop programs of any available. But Quicken 2007 still comes out slightly ahead this year.”

Firefox Extensions

2006-03-12T07:34:00.000+07:00

Many of my Click articles end up with me banging on about how good Firefox is and how all my readers should consider using it as their main browser over Internet Explorer which is bundled free with Microsoft Windows. Since one of the main arguments I use is the large amount of third party add-ons that are available I thought this week I should probably corroborate that thinking by naming a few of them.

Add-ons (otherwise known as extensions or plug-ins) aren´t pieces of software in their own right but rather small bits of code designed to integrate with an existing application in order to extend its capabilities in one way or another. Firefox like many other browsers on the market encourage users to take advantage of this facility so that they can extend their browser in a way that suits them.

I´ve picked a few of the most popular plug-ins available, all of which are available free of charge by going to `Tools´ and `Extensions´ from within Firefox.

Adblock Plus - Whilst Firefox itself stops the majority of pop-ups you can still find some pages have intrusive adverts which Adblock Plus aims to stop. Install it into Firefox and immediately banner ads and other intrusive adverts will be removed from your browsing experience resulting in less interruptions and faster download times.

FlashGot - FlashGot is used to download entire sites quickly and easily which can be useful for offline browsing as it removes the necessary to save pages to disk one page at a time. It also includes a build gallery function so you can download and store every image from a site quickly and easily.

Video Downloader - Watching videos on the Internet is certainly handy but often if the video is embedded into the page it is difficult to save it on to your hard disk. If you install this add-in you will be able to click one button to save it to your computer permanently.

Tab Mix Plus - This extension improves the tab capabilities of Firefox to include features such as duplicating tabs, reopen closed tabs and a session manager which can save and restore combinations of tab windows should Firefox run in to trouble.

Torrent Search - My more astute readers will remember me talking a bit about Torrents a few weeks back. This plug-in allows you to easily search for downloads in more than 27 of the top Torrent search engines.

Search Status - This is one of my favourites and a must for anyone involved with creating and promoting their own website. Search Status displays the Google PageRank and Alexa report of any page that you visit so you can immediately tell how popular it is - especially useful for comparing your sites against the competition. I´ll be giving a crash course in using PageRank and Alexa to promote your website online in a future article but in the meantime this plug-in is certainly worth installing so you can get a feel for these two systems.

It´s worthwhile noting that many of the above plug-ins are also compatible with Opera so even users of this browser may find it still worthwhile checking out addons.mozilla.org. Of course there are extensions that focus on Internet Explorer but as I am trying to convince my readers to switch allegiances it will be a while before I cover these in Click.

Kajian Sistem Keamanan Bluetooth Dengan Algoritma Safer+

2006-02-10T14:09:00.000+07:00

Bluetooth adalah teknologi yang dirancang untuk komunikasi tanpa kawat dengan jangkauan pendek. Tujuan teknologi ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat berdaya rendah sehingga menjadi murah dan portable. Media yang digunakan untuk komunikasi dalam system ini adalah udara (radio). Karena teknologi ini menggunakan media udara sehingga menjadi sangat terbuka, dengan demikian aktifitas-aktifitas dalam system ini akan mudah sekali untuk dimonitor akibatnya akan kehilangan privacy.

Untuk membuat rasa nyaman dalam menggunakan jasa layanan ini maka perlu adanya system keamanan. Oleh karena itu dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas penggunaan metoda algoritma SAFER+ untuk otentikasi dalam system keamanan bluetooth.

Prinsip Otentikasi Dalam Bluetooth

Untuk menjamin keamanan, sebelum melaksanakan komunikasi verifier mengirimkan bilangan acak dan claimant akan mendengar/mengambil lalu mengenkripsi bilangan tersebut dengan kunci rahasia. Selanjutnya mengirimkan kembali bilangan yang telah terenkripsi. Verifier akan mengenkripsi bilangan acak dengan kunci rahasia dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan yang dihasilkan oleh claimant. Jika cocok maka kedua sisi ini telah memiliki kunci rahasia yang sama.

Enkripsi dan Otentikasi

Prosedur enkripsi dan otentikasi sistem ini erdapat tiga operasi utama yang diperlukan yaitu :

Random number generator : Dapat diselesaian dengan hardware atau software
Key Generation : Proses ini berbasis algoritma SAFER+, merupakan proses yang lambat, melibatkan elemen hardware dan software. Karena pembangkitan key tidak setiap saat dan hanya dilakukan pada saat prosedur negoisasi LMP, sehingga hal ini bukan waktu kritis.
Encryption :Inisialisasi mesin dan pembangkitan chipper stream menggunakan kunsi enkripsi pre-calculated dan informasi addres/clock, tetapi pembangkitan streamnya terjadi dalam real time dan oleh karena itu implemantasinya dilaksanakan seacara hardware.

Aspek Keamanan Sistem Database Multilevel

2006-01-25T13:46:00.000+07:00

Keamanan database menjadi hal yang penting saat ini. Bertambahnya praktek cracking menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan keamanan database. Bahasan keamanan database disini tidak ditekankan pada penggunaan enkripsi.

Beberapa pendekatan arsitektur manajemen basis data belum memenuhi kriteria high assurance. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan arsitektur baru yang dapat memenuhi kriteria ini.

Banyak sistem manajemen basis data komersial yang menyediakan beberapa bentuk keamanan data dengan mengendalikan mode akses user privilege terhadap data. Metode ini bukan merupakan hal yang cukup untuk mencegah terkoreknya informasi oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang. Dibutuhkan model relasi data khusus untuk mengatasi masalah ini.

Masalah polyinstantiation muncul pada relasi basis data multilevel. Pada relasi basis data multilevel jika kita menaikkan clearance dari seorang user maka ia akan memperoleh sebagian informasi yang seharusnya ia tidak mendapatkannya. Sebaliknya jika kita menurunkan clearance dari seorang user maka ia tidak mendapatkan akses informasi yang seharusnya ia mendapatkannya. Dengan demikian, perbedaan clearance akan membawa pada perbedaan informasi yang diperoleh dan keadaan ini harus konsisten.

Batasan-batasan integritas menentukan kondisi-kondisi pada relasi antara suatu data dan data lainnya, sementara batasan-batasan keamanan menentukan pemisahan antara suatu data dan data lainnya. Jika batasan integritas diberlakukan pada suatu data pada beberapa tingkat keamanan yang berbeda, maka akan terjadi konflik langsung antara integritas dan keamanan.

Solusi masalah inferensi menjadi hal penting untuk mencegah seseorang memperoleh atau mengubah data yang diklasifikasikan tingkat tinggi dari data yang diklasifikasikan tingkat rendah. Masalah inferensi umumnya terjadi ketika kita menanyakan suatu data berdasarkan data sensitif, data statistik, atau jenis data lainnya.

Kata kunci: arsitektur, model relasi data, polyinstantiation, integritas, inferensi

El-695 Keamanan Sistem Informasi

2005-01-02T11:43:00.000+07:00

A. PENDAHULUAN

Software agents merupakan aplikasi sistem cerdas yang membantu manusia dalam memutuskan sesuatu dan bertindak secara otomatis (tentu saja sebelumnya aplikasi ini telah diberikan pengetahuan tertentu untuk membuat suatu keputusan). Manusia dapat mendelegasikan suatu pekerjaan tertentu dan kemudian agent ini yang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Misalkan anda mempunyai agent yang memonitor berbagai web site yang menjual tiket pesawat Jakarta – San Fransisco, maka agent tersebut dapat membelikan tiket tersebut untuk anda dengan harga dan pelayanan yang paling kompetitif sesuai pilihan anda.

Terminologi aglet merupakan gabungan kata agent dan applet, yang dimaksudkan sebagai “lightweight agent”. Aglet merupakan software development kit untuk membuat agent yang dihimpun dalam Aglets Software Development Kit (ASDK). ASDK merupakan implementasi dari Aglet API (Application Programming Interface) yang dapat di download dari web site IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory (TRL) http://www.trl.ibm.co.jp/aglets. Inisiator dari Aglet API adalah Danny B. Lange (1995) kemudian dilanjutkan oleh Mitsuru Oshima.

Aglet merupakan jenis mobile java agent yang menerapkan konsep autonomous execution dan dynamic routing dalam perjalanannya sehingga aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dari satu host ke host lain di internet. Bila applet “berjalan” pada browser maka aglet “berjalan” pada Aglet Server. Aglet Server menyediakan fasilitas Java Virtual Machine (JVM) serta Aglet Security Manager yang membuat server ini dapat menerima dan menjalankan suatu aplikasi aglet secara aman.

Oleh karena aplikasi ini merupakan jenis software agent yang mobile (Gambar 1), yang berjalan dari satu server ke server lainnya, maka isu keamanan menjadi krusial. Dengan sistem keamanan yang baik maka seseorang tak ragu untuk membeli barang dan mengekspose informasi yang rahasia melalui internet sehingga faktor keamanan menjadi salah satu faktor kunci bagi teknologi mobile agent. Sebagaimana halnya sesuatu yang dapat di download dan merupakan excutable code maka mobile agent dapat menjadi ancaman bagi sebuah sistem.

Tulisan ini memusatkan pada masalah keamanan jaringan secara umum dan keamanan mobile agent pada khususnya. Apa yang terjadi ketika mobile agent dieksekusi ke jaringan dan terjadi suatu kesalahan atau serangan pada sistem security-nya?

B. WHAT CAN GO WRONG ?

Bila kita lanjutkan contoh kasus diatas dimana seharusnya agent anda membelikan tiket untuk anda, tetapi ia tidak melakukannya, kemudian bisa saja terjadi sebuah host dapat mengekstrak informasi rahasia dari sebuah agent. Dan banyak kemungkinan buruk lainnya terhadap sebuah mobile agent. Kita dapat membagi ancaman security terhadap mobile agent kedalam beberapa kategori berikut :

Agent Protection (contoh : remote host threatens agent, agent threatens another agent, unauthorized third paries threatens agent).
Host Protection (contoh : incoming agent threatens host, unauthorized third parties threaten host).
Network Protection (contoh : incoming agent threaten the network).

C. TAXONOMY ATTACKS

Berikut adalah kemungkinan serangan yang berhubungan dengan mobile agent. Secara umum, kita dapat membagi serangan terhadap agent dan hostnya kedalam dua kategori yaitu :

Passive attacks (contoh : eavesdropping, traffic analysis).
Active attacks (contoh : illegal access, masquerade, trojan horse, alteration, replay, resource exhaustion, repudiation).

D. SECURITY SERVICES

Security services adalah penting jika anda ingin memproteksi agent dan server anda dari sebuah serangan. Berikut layanan yang umum disediakan untuk sebuah system security agent :

Authenticaiton (authentication of user, authentication of host, authentication of code, authentication of agent).
Integrity.
Confidentiality.
Authorization.
Non Repudiation.
Auditing.